python - 创建一个抽象的 Enum 类

我正在尝试使用抽象方法创建一个抽象枚举(实际上是 Flag)。
我的最终目标是能够基于我定义的基本枚举创建复合枚举的字符串表示。
我能够在不使类抽象的情况下获得此功能。

这是基本的 Flag 类和示例实现:

from enum import auto, Flag

class TranslateableFlag(Flag):
    @classmethod
    def base(cls):
        pass

    def translate(self):
        base = self.base()
        if self in base:
            return base[self]
        else:
            ret = []
            for basic in base:
                if basic in self:
                    ret.append(base[basic])
            return " | ".join(ret)

class Students(TranslateableFlag):
    ALICE = auto()
    BOB = auto()
    CHARLIE = auto()
    ALL = ALICE | BOB | CHARLIE

    @classmethod
    def base(cls):
        return {Students.ALICE: "Alice", Students.BOB: "Bob",
                Students.CHARLIE: "Charlie"}

一个示例用法是:

((Students.ALICE | Students.BOB).translate())
[Out]: 'Alice | Bob'

由于 MetaClass 冲突，切换到 TranslateableFlag(Flag, ABC) 失败。
(我不明白这篇文章 - Abstract Enum Class using ABCMeta and EnumMeta ，所以我不确定它是否回答了我的问题)。

我想以某种方式获得这样的功能:

@abstractclassmethod
@classmethod
    def base(cls):
        pass

有可能实现这一目标吗？

最佳答案

以下是如何使 accepted answer 适应问题 Abstract Enum Class using ABCMeta and EnumMeta 以创建您想要的那种抽象 Enum 类:

from abc import abstractmethod, ABC, ABCMeta
from enum import auto, Flag, EnumMeta


class ABCEnumMeta(ABCMeta, EnumMeta):

    def __new__(mcls, *args, **kw):
        abstract_enum_cls = super().__new__(mcls, *args, **kw)
        try:  # Handle existence of undefined abstract methods.
            absmethods = list(abstract_enum_cls.__abstractmethods__)
            absmethods_str = ', '.join(f'{method!r}' for method in absmethods)
            plural = 's' if len(absmethods) > 1 else ''
            raise TypeError(
                f"cannot instantiate abstract class {abstract_enum_cls.__name__!r}"
                f" with abstract method{plural} {absmethods_str}")
        except AttributeError:
            pass
        return abstract_enum_cls


class TranslateableFlag(Flag, metaclass=ABCEnumMeta):

    @classmethod
    @abstractmethod
    def base(cls):
        pass

    def translate(self):
        base = self.base()
        if self in base:
            return base[self]
        else:
            ret = []
            for basic in base:
                if basic in self:
                    ret.append(base[basic])
            return " | ".join(ret)


class Students1(TranslateableFlag):
    ALICE = auto()
    BOB = auto()
    CHARLIE = auto()
    ALL = ALICE | BOB | CHARLIE

    @classmethod
    def base(cls):
        return {Students1.ALICE: "Alice", Students1.BOB: "Bob",
                Students1.CHARLIE: "Charlie"}


class Students2(TranslateableFlag):
    ALICE = auto()
    BOB = auto()
    CHARLIE = auto()
    ALL = ALICE | BOB | CHARLIE

# Abstract method not defined - should raise TypeError.
#    @classmethod
#    def base(cls):
#        ...

结果:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  ...
TypeError: cannot instantiate abstract class 'TranslateableFlag' with abstract method 'base'

关于python - 创建一个抽象的 Enum 类，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/56131308/