我需要一些帮助来了解JavaScript中的闭包。我需要制作一个在数组元素之间插入指定分隔符的函数(function1),如果未指定分隔符,则插入一个逗号。我已经尝试过了,但是没有用。

function function1(separator)
{
    return function(elements)
    {
        for (var i = 0; i < elements.length; i++)
        return (`${elements}`+ separator);
    };
}


var ex1 = function1("/");
ex1("One");
ex1("Two");


var ex2 = function1("*");
ex2("One");
ex2("Two");


var ex3 = function1();
ex3("One");
ex3("Two");


console.log("ex1 is" + ex1() );
console.log("ex2 is " + ex2() );
console.log("ex3 is " + ex3() );


输出应为

ex1 is One/Two
ex2 is One*Two
ex3 is One,Two

最佳答案

您的功能就在那里。缺少的主要方面是使用闭包来保存元素。

如果外部函数定义了一个数组,则内部函数将可以访问该数组。那就是关闭。然后,返回的函数将采用单个元素并将其推入components数组。

function function1(separator){
    let components = []
    return function(element){
        // this function, even after returned, will have access to components
        // through a closure so you can push into components
        // and return something like components.join(separator)
     }
}


您可能应该检查一个元素,以免输入空值。

编辑-有关闭包的更多信息
这是基本问题:假设您有返回如下函数的函数:



function makelist(seperator){
   return function(element){
      let components = []
      components.push(element)
      return components
   }
 }

// now use it
// it returns a function
let myFun = makelist(",")

// but every time you run it, it makes a new components
console.log(myFun("a"))  // ["a"]
console.log(myFun("b"))  // ["b"]
// etc.





这样不好,因为您希望在每次调用该函数时都将其放入同一个数组中。您可以通过使函数访问全局变量来解决此问题:



var GloablComponents = []

function makelist(seperator){
   return function(element){
      GloablComponents.push(element)
      return GloablComponents
   }
 }

// now use it
// it returns a function
let myFun = makelist(",")

// Now every time you use it, it pushes to the same array:
console.log(myFun("a"))  // ["a"]
console.log(myFun("b"))  // ["a", "b"]
// etc.

// But there's a problem:
// You want to make independent functions.
// If you make another, it pushes to myFun list as well:

let newFun = makelist(",")
console.log(newFun("C"))  // ["a", "b", "C"] // not what you want





因此,这不好,而且依赖于全局变量也不是一个好习惯,因为很难跟踪它们。

关闭
每个函数都会创建自己的作用域,因此,如果您创建一个带有变量的函数,然后在其中创建另一个函数,则内部函数将看到该变量,因为它可以访问外部函数的范围:



function makelist(seperator){
       let aLocalComponent = []         // <------ this out scope
       return function(element){        //          |
          aLocalComponent.push(element) // <-- THIS is referencing
          return aLocalComponent
       }
     }

// now use it
// it returns a function
let myFun = makelist(",")

// Now every time you use it, it pushes to the same array
// but it's not a global array, it's the array from
// makelist's scope. That's a closure
console.log(myFun("a"))  // ["a"]
console.log(myFun("b"))  // ["a", "b"]

// Now when make a new function, makelist makes another independent
// scope. And the new function returned has access to it and its aLocalComponent

let mySecondFun = makelist(",")
console.log(mySecondFun("Z"))  // ["z"]

//At the sametime the old function still accesses the old localcomponentarray:
console.log(myFun("c"))     // only a, b, c





您可以使用相同的想法来确保返回的函数具有相同的分隔符。

关于javascript - JavaScript分隔符和闭包,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题:https://stackoverflow.com/questions/52959441/

10-12 03:21