在Web开发过程中,Spring Boot可以通过@RestController来返回json数据,那如何渲染Web页面?Spring Boot提供了多种默认渲染html的模板引擎,主要有以下几种:

  • Thymeleaf
  • FreeMarker
  • Velocity
  • Groovy
  • Mustache

Spring Boot 推荐使用这些模板引擎来代替 Jsp,Thymeleaf 只是其中一种,下面我们来简单聊聊Thymeleaf及实践一下如何整合Spring Boot和Thymeleaf。

1.Thymeleaf 介绍

Thymeleaf简单的说,就是一款用于渲染 XML/XHTML/HTML5 内容的模板引擎,可用于Web与非Web环境中的应用开发。

2.实践Spring Boot整合Thymeleaf

2.1 构建Spring Boot项目

我们以SpringBoot:1.开启SpringBoot之旅的源码作为基础修改,项目名为:02.Spring-Boot-Thymeleaf 仅保留Application.java启动类,其他都去除。

基本的目录结构

Application.java

package com.w3cjava;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {


    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
    }

}

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.9.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.w3cjava</groupId>
    <artifactId>02.Spring-Boot-Thymeleaf</artifactId>
    <version>0.1</version>
    <name>02.Spring-Boot-Thymeleaf</name>
    <description>Thymeleaf project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <maven-jar-plugin.version>3.0.0</maven-jar-plugin.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- 支持web的模块依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            <!-- 排除tomcat依赖 -->
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        <!-- jetty依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 测试模块依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 热部署依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

2.2 引入Thymeleaf依赖

<!-- thymeleaf模板引擎依赖 -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>   

2.3 构建IndexController

package com.w3cjava.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
public class IndexController {
    @RequestMapping("/")
    public String index(ModelMap map) {
        // 加入一个属性,用来在模板中读取
        map.addAttribute("host", "http://www.w3cjava.com");
        // return模板文件的名称,对应src/main/resources/templates/index.html
        return "index";
    }

}

2.4 渲染页面

在项目src/main/resources/templates目录下新建一个模板文件index.html文件,内容如下

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head lang="en">
    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
    <title></title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 th:text="${host}">Hello World</h1>
</body>
</html>

2.5 访问路径

通过访问路径http://localhost:8080/ 结果页面如下。

以上仅仅只是展示了Thymeleaf渲染文本的语法,更多Thymeleaf的页面语法,还请访问Thymeleaf的官方文档查询使用。

2.6 Thymeleaf的默认参数配置

Thymeleaf给我们提供部分参数的默认配置项,比如渲染模板默认路径为resources目录下templates下的文件,文件类型为text/html等等。

如需要修改默认配置,只需复制下面要修改的属性到application.properties中,并修改成需要的值。

# Enable template caching.
spring.thymeleaf.cache=true
# Check that the templates location exists.
spring.thymeleaf.check-template-location=true
# Content-Type value.
spring.thymeleaf.content-type=text/html
# Enable MVC Thymeleaf view resolution.
spring.thymeleaf.enabled=true
# Template encoding.
spring.thymeleaf.encoding=UTF-8
# Comma-separated list of view names that should be excluded from resolution.
spring.thymeleaf.excluded-view-names=
# Template mode to be applied to templates. See also StandardTemplateModeHandlers.
spring.thymeleaf.mode=HTML5
# Prefix that gets prepended to view names when building a URL.
spring.thymeleaf.prefix=classpath:/templates/
# Suffix that gets appended to view names when building a URL.
spring.thymeleaf.suffix=.html  spring.thymeleaf.template-resolver-order= # Order of the template resolver in the chain. spring.thymeleaf.view-names= # Comma-separated list of view names that can be resolved.

3.小结

Spring Boot整合Thymeleaf比较简单,采用了Spring Boot一贯的做法,几乎不用在配置文件中配置任何东西即可快速运行起来。

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02-13 11:35