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Spring Boot中的文件上传：上传、验证和异常处理

本文介绍了Spring Boot中的文件上传：上传、验证和异常处理的处理方法，对大家解决问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习吧！

问题描述

我希望能够将图像上传到服务器，优雅地处理错误和异常，并在表单中向用户显示错误消息，理想情况下只使用现有的基本Spring Boot和Thymeleaf安装。

使用示例项目gs-uploading-files，我可以使用Spring Boot和Thymeleaf将文件上传到服务器。在我设置的Application.properties中spring.http.multipart.max-file-size=1MB和spring.http.multipart.max-request-size=1MB。但是，当我上载大于1MB的文件时，一些安全和验证问题未解决。

  1. 可以上传任何文件。例如，可以上传HTML文件并因此将其托管在服务器上。如何按类型限制文件？是否可以在发送请求之前在页面中验证它们？如果我有多种上载图像的方式，如何验证所有MultipartFiles？

  2. 用户可以尝试上传超出Spring和嵌入式Tomcat默认限制的大文件。这导致org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartException不是由Spring处理的。如何在尝试上载之前验证文件大小？如果绕过这一点，Spring是否会捕获任何文件上载异常，以便显示一条漂亮的错误消息？

  3. 默认的Spring错误页并不用作所有异常的后备页面。MultipartException返回具有完整堆栈跟踪的Tomcat异常页(请参见日志1)。

我已搜索以尝试查找并实施一组解决方案。

修复编号1的一个步骤是通过修改handleFileUpload检查内容类型，拒绝未通过此检查的文件：!file.getContentType().toLowerCase().startsWith("image")。这会一直有效吗？恶意用户可以绕过这一点吗？如何检查每个MultipartFile，以避免每次都要记住添加这些文件？

@PostMapping("/")
public String handleFileUpload(@RequestParam("file") MultipartFile file, RedirectAttributes redirectAttributes)
        throws MultipartException, IllegalStateException {

    if (file != null && file.getContentType() != null && !file.getContentType().toLowerCase().startsWith("image"))
        throw new MultipartException("not img");

    storageService.store(file);
    redirectAttributes.addFlashAttribute("message",
            "You successfully uploaded " + file.getOriginalFilename() + "!");

    return "redirect:/";
}

添加@ExceptionHandler无效，它根本不会被调用。

@ExceptionHandler({ SizeLimitExceededException.class, MultipartException.class,
        java.lang.IllegalStateException.class })
public ModelAndView handleError(HttpServletRequest req, Exception e) {
    // error("Request: " + req.getRequestURL() + " raised " + ex);

    ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView();
    mav.addObject("exception", e);
    mav.addObject("url", req.getRequestURL());
    mav.addObject("timestamp", new Date());
    mav.addObject("error", e.getClass());
    mav.addObject("message", e.getMessage());
    mav.addObject("status", HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
    mav.setViewName("error");
    return mav;
}
数字3可以由全局异常处理程序对所有异常进行解析。(详细说明请参见this post)。但是，我担心它可能会否决控制器级别处理程序。

package hello;

import java.util.Date;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationUtils;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseStatus;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

@ControllerAdvice
class GlobalDefaultExceptionHandler {
    public static final String DEFAULT_ERROR_VIEW = "error";

    @ExceptionHandler(value = Exception.class)
    public ModelAndView defaultErrorHandler(HttpServletRequest req, Exception e) throws Exception {
        // If the exception is annotated with @ResponseStatus rethrow it and let
        // the framework handle it - like the OrderNotFoundException example
        // at the start of this post.
        // AnnotationUtils is a Spring Framework utility class.
        if (AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(e.getClass(), ResponseStatus.class) != null)
            throw e;

        // Otherwise setup and send the user to a default error-view.
        ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView();
        mav.addObject("exception", e);
        mav.addObject("url", req.getRequestURL());
        mav.addObject("timestamp", new Date());
        mav.addObject("error", e.getClass());
        mav.addObject("message", e.getMessage());
        mav.addObject("status", HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
        mav.setViewName(DEFAULT_ERROR_VIEW);
        return mav;
    }
}

我已尝试this answer，它处理异常但返回错误页。我想返回到原始页面并显示一条漂亮的错误消息。

日志1：

HTTP Status 500 - Request processing failed; nested exception is org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartException: Could not parse multipart servlet request; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: org.apache.tomcat.util.http.fileupload.FileUploadBase$SizeLimitExceededException: the request was rejected because its size (1292555) exceeds the configured maximum (1048576)

type Exception report

message Request processing failed; nested exception is org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartException: Could not parse multipart servlet request; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: org.apache.tomcat.util.http.fileupload.FileUploadBase$SizeLimitExceededException: the request was rejected because its size (1292555) exceeds the configured maximum (1048576)

description The server encountered an internal error that prevented it from fulfilling this request.

exception

org.springframework.web.util.NestedServletException: Request processing failed; nested exception is org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartException: Could not parse multipart servlet request; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: org.apache.tomcat.util.http.fileupload.FileUploadBase$SizeLimitExceededException: the request was rejected because its size (1292555) exceeds the configured maximum (1048576)
    org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:982)
    org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doPost(FrameworkServlet.java:872)
    javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:648)
    org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:846)
    javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:729)
    org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52)
    org.springframework.web.filter.RequestContextFilter.doFilterInternal(RequestContextFilter.java:99)
    org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
    org.springframework.web.filter.HttpPutFormContentFilter.doFilterInternal(HttpPutFormContentFilter.java:89)
    org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
    org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter.doFilterInternal(HiddenHttpMethodFilter.java:77)
    org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
    org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:197)
    org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
root cause

org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartException: Could not parse multipart servlet request; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: org.apache.tomcat.util.http.fileupload.FileUploadBase$SizeLimitExceededException: the request was rejected because its size (1292555) exceeds the configured maximum (1048576)
    org.springframework.web.multipart.support.StandardMultipartHttpServletRequest.parseRequest(StandardMultipartHttpServletRequest.java:111)
    org.springframework.web.multipart.support.StandardMultipartHttpServletRequest.<init>(StandardMultipartHttpServletRequest.java:85)
    org.springframework.web.multipart.support.StandardServletMultipartResolver.resolveMultipart(StandardServletMultipartResolver.java:76)
    org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.checkMultipart(DispatcherServlet.java:1099)
    org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:932)
    org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:897)
    org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:970)
    org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doPost(FrameworkServlet.java:872)
    javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:648)
    org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:846)
    javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:729)
    org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52)
    org.springframework.web.filter.RequestContextFilter.doFilterInternal(RequestContextFilter.java:99)
    org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
    org.springframework.web.filter.HttpPutFormContentFilter.doFilterInternal(HttpPutFormContentFilter.java:89)
    org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
    org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter.doFilterInternal(HiddenHttpMethodFilter.java:77)
    org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
    org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:197)
    org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
root cause

java.lang.IllegalStateException: org.apache.tomcat.util.http.fileupload.FileUploadBase$SizeLimitExceededException: the request was rejected because its size (1292555) exceeds the configured maximum (1048576)
    org.apache.catalina.connector.Request.parseParts(Request.java:2871)
    org.apache.catalina.connector.Request.parseParameters(Request.java:3176)
    org.apache.catalina.connector.Request.getParameter(Request.java:1110)
    org.apache.catalina.connector.RequestFacade.getParameter(RequestFacade.java:381)
    org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter.doFilterInternal(HiddenHttpMethodFilter.java:70)
    org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
    org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:197)
    org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
root cause

org.apache.tomcat.util.http.fileupload.FileUploadBase$SizeLimitExceededException: the request was rejected because its size (1292555) exceeds the configured maximum (1048576)
    org.apache.tomcat.util.http.fileupload.FileUploadBase$FileItemIteratorImpl.<init>(FileUploadBase.java:811)
    org.apache.tomcat.util.http.fileupload.FileUploadBase.getItemIterator(FileUploadBase.java:256)
    org.apache.tomcat.util.http.fileupload.FileUploadBase.parseRequest(FileUploadBase.java:280)
    org.apache.catalina.connector.Request.parseParts(Request.java:2801)
    org.apache.catalina.connector.Request.parseParameters(Request.java:3176)
    org.apache.catalina.connector.Request.getParameter(Request.java:1110)
    org.apache.catalina.connector.RequestFacade.getParameter(RequestFacade.java:381)
    org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter.doFilterInternal(HiddenHttpMethodFilter.java:70)
    org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
    org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:197)
    org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
note The full stack trace of the root cause is available in the Apache Tomcat/8.5.5 logs.

Apache Tomcat/8.5.5

推荐答案

若要回复有关如何检查文件类型的信息：我已为此创建了一个自定义验证器。

首先，创建批注：

import javax.validation.Constraint;
import javax.validation.Payload;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Constraint(validatedBy = {ImageFileValidator.class})
public @interface ValidImage {
    String message() default "Invalid image file";

    Class<?>[] groups() default {};

    Class<? extends Payload>[] payload() default {};
}

接下来，创建验证器本身：

import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;

import javax.validation.ConstraintValidator;
import javax.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext;

public class ImageFileValidator implements ConstraintValidator<ValidImage, MultipartFile> {

    @Override
    public void initialize(ValidImage constraintAnnotation) {

    }

    @Override
    public boolean isValid(MultipartFile multipartFile, ConstraintValidatorContext context) {

        boolean result = true;

        String contentType = multipartFile.getContentType();
        if (!isSupportedContentType(contentType)) {
            context.disableDefaultConstraintViolation();
            context.buildConstraintViolationWithTemplate(
                    "Only PNG or JPG images are allowed.")
                   .addConstraintViolation();

            result = false;
        }

        return result;
    }

    private boolean isSupportedContentType(String contentType) {
        return contentType.equals("image/png")
                || contentType.equals("image/jpg")
                || contentType.equals("image/jpeg");
    }
}

最后，应用注释：

public class CreateUserParameters {

    @NotNull
    @ValidImage
    private MultipartFile image;
...
}

我已经用Spring Boot 1.5.10(也用百里香)测试过这一点

对于最大文件大小，我还希望看到使用"标准错误机制"的解决方案，以便您可以像显示其他字段错误一样显示错误，并且用户可以更正其错误。

这篇关于Spring Boot中的文件上传：上传、验证和异常处理的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持！

05-19 08:00
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