问题描述
我试图用MySQL数据库创建一个容器，并向这些数据库添加架构.
I am trying to create a container with a MySQL database and add a schema to these database.
我当前的Dockerfile是:
My current Dockerfile is:
FROM mysql
MAINTAINER (me) <email>
# Copy the database schema to the /data directory
COPY files/epcis_schema.sql /data/epcis_schema.sql
# Change the working directory
WORKDIR data
CMD mysql -u $MYSQL_USER -p $MYSQL_PASSWORD $MYSQL_DATABASE < epcis_schema.sql
为了创建容器，我正在遵循Docker提供的文档并执行以下命令:
In order to create the container I am following the documentation provided on Docker and executing this command:
docker run --name ${CONTAINER_NAME} -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=${DB_ROOT_PASSWORD} -e MYSQL_USER=${DB_USER} -e MYSQL_PASSWORD=${DB_USER_PASSWORD} -e MYSQL_DATABASE=${DB_NAME} -d mvpgomes/epcisdb
但是，当我执行此命令时，没有创建容器，并且在容器状态下，可以看到CMD没有成功执行，实际上仅执行了mysql命令.
But when I execute this command the Container is not created and in the Container status it is possible to see that the CMD was not executed successfully, in fact only the mysql command is executed.
无论如何，有没有一种方法可以使用架构初始化数据库，或者我需要手动执行这些操作?
Anyway, is there a way to initialize the database with the schema or do I need to perform these operations manually?
推荐答案
对于这么长的答案，我感到抱歉，但是，您还有一些路要走.我会说通常情况下，您不会将数据库的存储与数据库本身放在相同的容器中，而是会挂载主机卷以使数据持久保存在Docker主机上，或者可能会使用一个容器来存储保存数据(/var/lib/mysql).另外，我是mysql的新手，所以，这可能不是超级有效.那就是...
I am sorry for this super long answer, but, you have a little way to go to get where you want. I will say that normally you wouldn't put the storage for the database in the same container as the database itself, you would either mount a host volume so that the data persists on the docker host, or, perhaps a container could be used to hold the data (/var/lib/mysql). Also, I am new to mysql, so, this might not be super efficient. That said...
我认为这里可能有一些问题. Dockerfile用于创建映像.您需要执行构建步骤.至少，在包含Dockerfile的目录中，您将执行以下操作:
I think there may be a few issues here. The Dockerfile is used to create an image. You need to execute the build step. At a minimum, from the directory that contains the Dockerfile you would do something like :
docker build .
Dockerfile描述了要创建的映像.我对mysql不太了解(我是一名Postgres迷)，但是，我在互连网上搜索了如何初始化mysql docker容器".首先，我创建了一个新目录以供使用，我将其称为mdir，然后创建了一个文件目录，该目录存放了一个epcis_schema.sql文件，该文件创建了一个数据库和一个表:
The Dockerfile describes the image to create. I don't know much about mysql (I am a postgres fanboy), but, I did a search around the interwebs for 'how do i initialize a mysql docker container'. First I created a new directory to work in, I called it mdir, then I created a files directory which I deposited a epcis_schema.sql file which creates a database and a single table:
create database test;
use test;
CREATE TABLE testtab
(
id INTEGER AUTO_INCREMENT,
name TEXT,
PRIMARY KEY (id)
) COMMENT='this is my test table';
然后我在文件目录中创建了一个名为init_db的脚本:
Then I created a script called init_db in the files directory:
#!/bin/bash
# Initialize MySQL database.
# ADD this file into the container via Dockerfile.
# Assuming you specify a VOLUME ["/var/lib/mysql"] or `-v /var/lib/mysql` on the `docker run` command…
# Once built, do e.g. `docker run your_image /path/to/docker-mysql-initialize.sh`
# Again, make sure MySQL is persisting data outside the container for this to have any effect.
set -e
set -x
mysql_install_db
# Start the MySQL daemon in the background.
/usr/sbin/mysqld &
mysql_pid=$!
until mysqladmin ping >/dev/null 2>&1; do
echo -n "."; sleep 0.2
done
# Permit root login without password from outside container.
mysql -e "GRANT ALL ON *.* TO root@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '' WITH GRANT OPTION"
# create the default database from the ADDed file.
mysql < /tmp/epcis_schema.sql
# Tell the MySQL daemon to shutdown.
mysqladmin shutdown
# Wait for the MySQL daemon to exit.
wait $mysql_pid
# create a tar file with the database as it currently exists
tar czvf default_mysql.tar.gz /var/lib/mysql
# the tarfile contains the initialized state of the database.
# when the container is started, if the database is empty (/var/lib/mysql)
# then it is unpacked from default_mysql.tar.gz from
# the ENTRYPOINT /tmp/run_db script
(此脚本的大部分内容从此处删除: https://gist.github.com/pda/9697520 )
(most of this script was lifted from here: https://gist.github.com/pda/9697520)
这是我创建的files/run_db脚本:
Here is the files/run_db script I created:
# start db
set -e
set -x
# first, if the /var/lib/mysql directory is empty, unpack it from our predefined db
[ "$(ls -A /var/lib/mysql)" ] && echo "Running with existing database in /var/lib/mysql" || ( echo 'Populate initial db'; tar xpzvf default_mysql.tar.gz )
/usr/sbin/mysqld
最后，将它们全部绑定的Dockerfile:
Finally, the Dockerfile to bind them all:
FROM mysql
MAINTAINER (me) <email>
# Copy the database schema to the /data directory
ADD files/run_db files/init_db files/epcis_schema.sql /tmp/
# init_db will create the default
# database from epcis_schema.sql, then
# stop mysqld, and finally copy the /var/lib/mysql directory
# to default_mysql_db.tar.gz
RUN /tmp/init_db
# run_db starts mysqld, but first it checks
# to see if the /var/lib/mysql directory is empty, if
# it is it is seeded with default_mysql_db.tar.gz before
# the mysql is fired up
ENTRYPOINT "/tmp/run_db"
因此，我进入我的mdir目录(该目录具有Dockerfile和files目录).然后，我运行命令:
So, I cd'ed to my mdir directory (which has the Dockerfile along with the files directory). I then run the command:
docker build --no-cache .
您应该看到这样的输出:
You should see output like this:
Sending build context to Docker daemon 7.168 kB
Sending build context to Docker daemon
Step 0 : FROM mysql
---> 461d07d927e6
Step 1 : MAINTAINER (me) <email>
---> Running in 963e8de55299
---> 2fd67c825c34
Removing intermediate container 963e8de55299
Step 2 : ADD files/run_db files/init_db files/epcis_schema.sql /tmp/
---> 81871189374b
Removing intermediate container 3221afd8695a
Step 3 : RUN /tmp/init_db
---> Running in 8dbdf74b2a79
+ mysql_install_db
2015-03-19 16:40:39 12 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages
...
/var/lib/mysql/ib_logfile0
---> 885ec2f1a7d5
Removing intermediate container 8dbdf74b2a79
Step 4 : ENTRYPOINT "/tmp/run_db"
---> Running in 717ed52ba665
---> 7f6d5215fe8d
Removing intermediate container 717ed52ba665
Successfully built 7f6d5215fe8d
您现在有一个图像'7f6d5215fe8d'.我可以运行该图像:
You now have an image '7f6d5215fe8d'. I could run this image:
docker run -d 7f6d5215fe8d
图像开始，我看到一个实例字符串:
and the image starts, I see an instance string:
4b377ac7397ff5880bc9218abe6d7eadd49505d50efb5063d6fab796ee157bd3
然后我可以停止"它，然后重新启动.
I could then 'stop' it, and restart it.
docker stop 4b377
docker start 4b377
如果您查看日志，第一行将包含:
If you look at the logs, the first line will contain:
docker logs 4b377
Populate initial db
var/lib/mysql/
...
然后，在日志末尾:
Running with existing database in /var/lib/mysql
这些是来自/tmp/run_db脚本的消息，第一个消息指示数据库已从保存的(初始)版本中解压缩，第二个指示数据库已经存在，因此使用了现有副本.
These are the messages from the /tmp/run_db script, the first one indicates that the database was unpacked from the saved (initial) version, the second one indicates that the database was already there, so the existing copy was used.
这是我上面描述的目录结构的ls -lR.请注意，init_db和run_db是已设置了执行位的脚本:
Here is a ls -lR of the directory structure I describe above. Note that the init_db and run_db are scripts with the execute bit set:
gregs-air:~ gfausak$ ls -Rl mdir
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 gfausak wheel 534 Mar 19 11:13 Dockerfile
drwxr-xr-x 5 gfausak staff 170 Mar 19 11:24 files
mdir/files:
total 24
-rw-r--r-- 1 gfausak staff 126 Mar 19 11:14 epcis_schema.sql
-rwxr-xr-x 1 gfausak staff 1226 Mar 19 11:16 init_db
-rwxr-xr-x 1 gfausak staff 284 Mar 19 11:23 run_db
这篇关于如何在Docker容器中使用架构初始化MySQL数据库?的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持！