@每天都要敲代码

@每天都要敲代码

目录 

异常处理器

1. 基于配置的异常处理

2. 基于注解的异常处理(用类代替xml配置)

基于全注解配置SpringMVC

1. 创建初始化类,代替web.xml

2. 创建SpringConfig配置类,代替spring的配置文件

3. 创建WebConfig配置类,代替SpringMVC的配置文件


异常处理器

【SpringMVC】| 异常处理器、基于全注解配置SpringMVC-LMLPHP

1. 基于配置的异常处理

需求:出现某个异常,跳转到某个指定页面

controller

    @RequestMapping("/exception")
    public String testException(){
        int m = 10/0;
        return "success";
    }

执行结果:抛出异常信息

【SpringMVC】| 异常处理器、基于全注解配置SpringMVC-LMLPHP

在SpringMVC中自定义的异常处理器SimpleMappingExceptionResolver  

    <!--自定义异常处理器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">
        <!--抛出那个异常去跳转到那个页面-->
        <property name="exceptionMappings">
            <props>
                <prop key="java.lang.ArithmeticException">error</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
        <!--异常信息放到域对象中,到error页面中展示-->
        <property name="exceptionAttribute" value="ex"></property>
    </bean>

error.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>error</h1>
<p th:text="${ex}"></p>
</body>
</html>

执行结果:

【SpringMVC】| 异常处理器、基于全注解配置SpringMVC-LMLPHP

2. 基于注解的异常处理(用类代替xml配置)

假如现在出现了空指针异常

    @RequestMapping("/exception")
    public String testException(){
        String s = null;
        s.toString();
        return "success";
    }

异常类的组件

package com.zl.controller;

import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;

@ControllerAdvice
public class ExceptionController {
    
    @ExceptionHandler(value = {NullPointerException.class})
    public String testException(Exception ex, Model model){
        model.addAttribute("ex",ex);
        return "error";
    }
}

执行结果:

【SpringMVC】| 异常处理器、基于全注解配置SpringMVC-LMLPHP

基于全注解配置SpringMVC

1. 创建初始化类,代替web.xml

解释:默认是要必须重写三个方法:分别代替Spring的配置、SpringMVC的配置、还有DispatcherServlet的映射规则;但是我们知道在web.xml中标配是两个过滤器和一个DispatcherServlet,所以还要重写一个方法,去代替这两个过滤器的配置!

package com.zl.mvc.config;

import org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter;
import org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;

import javax.servlet.Filter;


// web工程的初始化类,用来代替web.xml
public class WebInit extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
    // 指定spring的配置类
    @Override
    protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
        return new Class[]{SpringConfig.class};
    }

    // 指定SpringMVC的配置类
    @Override
    protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
        return new Class[]{WebConfig.class};
    }

    // 指定DispatcherServlet的映射规则,即url-pattern
    @Override
    protected String[] getServletMappings() {
        return new String[]{"/"};
    }
    
    // 添加过滤器
    @Override
    protected Filter[] getServletFilters() {
        // post乱码过滤器
        CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter = new CharacterEncodingFilter();
        characterEncodingFilter.setEncoding("UTF-8");
        characterEncodingFilter.setForceRequestEncoding(true);
        characterEncodingFilter.setForceResponseEncoding(true);

        // 处理put和delete请求的过滤器
        HiddenHttpMethodFilter hiddenHttpMethodFilter = new HiddenHttpMethodFilter();

        return new Filter[]{characterEncodingFilter,hiddenHttpMethodFilter};
    }
}

2. 创建SpringConfig配置类,代替spring的配置文件

package com.zl.mvc.config;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

@Controller
public class SpringConfig {
}

3. 创建WebConfig配置类,代替SpringMVC的配置文件

目前主要配置8个部分:

注:对于一些Bean直接配置就可以使用,对于一些组件的开启:例如视图控制器等就需要实现 WebMvcConfigurer这个接口,然后调用方法去实现!

package com.zl.mvc.config;

import com.zl.mvc.interceptor.TestInterceptor;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartResolver;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExceptionResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver;
import org.thymeleaf.spring5.SpringTemplateEngine;
import org.thymeleaf.spring5.view.ThymeleafViewResolver;
import org.thymeleaf.templatemode.TemplateMode;
import org.thymeleaf.templateresolver.ITemplateResolver;
import org.thymeleaf.templateresolver.ServletContextTemplateResolver;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Properties;

// 代替SpringMVC的配置文件
@Configuration // 将当前类标识为一个配置类
// 1. 扫描组件
@ComponentScan("com.zl.mvc.controller")
// 5. 开启mvc注解驱动
@EnableWebMvc
public class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer { // 对于一些组件的功能就需要实现这个接口去实现

    // 2. 视图解析器thymeleaf
    //配置生成模板解析器
    @Bean // 将返回的对象纳入Spring容器管理
    public ITemplateResolver templateResolver() {
        WebApplicationContext webApplicationContext = ContextLoader.getCurrentWebApplicationContext();
        // ServletContextTemplateResolver需要一个ServletContext作为构造参数,可通过WebApplicationContext 的方法获得
        ServletContextTemplateResolver templateResolver = new ServletContextTemplateResolver(
                webApplicationContext.getServletContext());
        templateResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/templates/");
        templateResolver.setSuffix(".html");
        templateResolver.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        templateResolver.setTemplateMode(TemplateMode.HTML);
        return templateResolver;
    }

    //生成模板引擎并为模板引擎注入模板解析器
    @Bean
    public SpringTemplateEngine templateEngine(ITemplateResolver templateResolver) {
        SpringTemplateEngine templateEngine = new SpringTemplateEngine();
        templateEngine.setTemplateResolver(templateResolver);
        return templateEngine;
    }

    //生成视图解析器并未解析器注入模板引擎
    // 每个方法的参数是上一个对象,通过自动装配完成的!
    @Bean
    public ViewResolver viewResolver(SpringTemplateEngine templateEngine) {
        ThymeleafViewResolver viewResolver = new ThymeleafViewResolver();
        viewResolver.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        viewResolver.setTemplateEngine(templateEngine);
        return viewResolver;
    }

    // 3. 视图控制器:view-controller
    @Override
    public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
        registry.addViewController("/hello").setViewName("hello");
    }

    // 4. 默认的Servlet(静态资源的处理):default-servlet-handler
    @Override
    public void configureDefaultServletHandling(DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer configurer) {
        configurer.enable();
    }

    // 6. 文件上传解析器
    @Bean
    public MultipartResolver multipartResolver() {
        CommonsMultipartResolver commonsMultipartResolver = new CommonsMultipartResolver();
        return commonsMultipartResolver;
    }

    // 7. 异常处理器
    @Override
    public void configureHandlerExceptionResolvers(List<HandlerExceptionResolver> resolvers) {
        SimpleMappingExceptionResolver exceptionResolver = new SimpleMappingExceptionResolver();

        Properties prop = new Properties();
        prop.setProperty("java.lang.ArithmeticException", "error");
        // 主要就调用两个方法
        exceptionResolver.setExceptionMappings(prop);
        exceptionResolver.setExceptionAttribute("ex");
        resolvers.add(exceptionResolver);
    }

    // 8. 拦截器
    @Override
    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
        // 创建拦截器对象
        TestInterceptor interceptor = new TestInterceptor();
        // 后面跟拦截路径和放行路径
        registry.addInterceptor(interceptor).addPathPatterns("/**").excludePathPatterns("/select");
    }
}

controller:发出请求跳转到index

package com.zl.mvc.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;


@Controller
public class TesController {
    @RequestMapping("/")
    public String index(){
        return "index";
    }
}

index.html页面

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>index</h1>
</body>
</html>

测试结果:通过配置类和注解的方式也能正常访问!

【SpringMVC】| 异常处理器、基于全注解配置SpringMVC-LMLPHP

07-04 07:29