Linux中磁盘管理
Linux磁盘管理基本命令
df查看磁盘分区使用情况
- -l : 仅显示本地磁盘(默认)
- -a : 显示所有文件系统的磁盘使用情况，包含比如/proc/
- -h : 以1024进制计算最适合的单位显示磁盘容量
- -H : 以1000进制计算最适合的单位显示磁盘容量
- -T : 显示磁盘分区类型
- -t : 显示指定类型文件系统的磁盘分区
- -x : 不现实指定类型文件系统的磁盘分区
du统计磁盘上的文件大小
- -b : 以byte为单位统计文件
- -k : 以KB为单位统计文件
- -m : 以MB为单位统计文件
- -h : 按照1024进制以最适合的单位统计文件
- -H : 按照1000进制以最适合的单位统计文件
- -s : 指定统计目标
Linux磁盘分区和格式化概述
- 主分区和扩展分区总数不能超过4个
- 扩展分区最多只能有一个
- 扩展分区不能直接存取数据
之前为你们学习了在安装过程中使用图形界面进行分区的技能，但是当系统装好之后，随着不断地使用，会导致硬盘空间小号殆尽，这时候怎么办呢？
答：在保留原硬盘的基础上，给服务器添加新的硬盘。
在VM虚拟机中添加硬盘
- 将虚拟机中的Linux系统关闭；
- 点击设置
- 添加新硬盘
- 重启linux系统
- 即可完成添加硬盘步骤
Linux中分区模式
分区模式分类：
- Linux中MBR分区
- Linux中GPT分区
分区模式之MBR：
- 主分区不超过四个
- 单个分区容量最大2TB
分区模式之GPT：
- 主分区的个数"几乎"没有限制(在GPT的分区表中最多可以支持128个主分区)
- 单个分区容量"几乎"没有限制(在GPT的分区模式中，每个分区的大小突破了MBR分区的2TB限制;GPT模式下每个分区的大小最多可以达到18EB)
- GPT的主分区中，不适合安装X86架构的系统
- GPT分区模式中没有主分区、扩展分区和逻辑分区的概念，就叫分区
1EB = 1024PB,1PB = 1024TB,1TB = 1024GB
18EB = 18 * 1024PB = 18 * 1024 * 1024TB = 18 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024GB
Linux中MBR分区
- Linux中硬件设备都是一文件的形式存在于根目录下的dev目录下
- 硬件设备都是由Linux系统自动是别的
- 必须对硬盘进行分区、格式化、挂载后才能使用
- 分区需要使用一个硬盘分区工具fdisk
- fdisk工具只能给硬盘做MBR的分区
使用fdisk进行硬盘分区：
- fdisk /dev/sdb
- m : 查看命令的帮助信息
- n : 给硬盘中添加一个新分区
- p : 添加主分区
- 指定分区编号(默认是1)
- 指定扇区的起始位置
- 指定扇区的终止位置(例如：+3000M或+3G)
- p : 查看新建的分区
- n : 给硬盘中添加一个新分区
- e : 添加扩展分区
- 指定分区编号(默认是2)
- 指定扇区的起始位置(默认)
- 指定扇区的终止位置(默认)
- n : 给硬盘中添加一个新分区
- l : 添加逻辑分区
- 指定分区编号(默认5)
- 指定扇区的起始位置(默认)
- 指定扇区的终止位置(例如：+3000M或+3G)
- n : 给硬盘中添加第二块逻辑新分区
- l : 添加逻辑分区
- 指定分区编号(默认6)
- 指定扇区的起始位置(默认)
- 指定扇区的终止位置(例如：+3000M或+3G)
- d : 删除分区
- 输入要删除的分区编号
- 2 : 删除扩展分区(因为逻辑分区是在扩展分区内的，所以逻辑分区也会被删除)
- p : 查看新建的分区
- 再次从新分区后
- w : 将磁盘的分区方案写入磁盘分区表中
- fdisk -l 查看分区是否成功
例如：
root@localhost:~# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/loop0: 87.9 MiB, 92119040 bytes, 179920 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop1: 86.6 MiB, 90759168 bytes, 177264 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/sda: 30 GiB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: B453A511-713D-490D-8F29-4F146C823C49
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sda1 2048 4095 2048 1M BIOS boot
/dev/sda2 4096 413695 409600 200M Linux filesystem
/dev/sda3 413696 2510847 2097152 1G Linux swap
/dev/sda4 2510848 23482367 20971520 10G Linux filesystem
/dev/sda5 23482368 62912511 39430144 18.8G Linux filesystem
Disk /dev/sdb: 8 GiB, 8589934592 bytes, 16777216 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
root@localhost:~# ^C
root@localhost:~#
root@localhost:~# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/loop0: 87.9 MiB, 92119040 bytes, 179920 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop1: 86.6 MiB, 90759168 bytes, 177264 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/sda: 30 GiB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: B453A511-713D-490D-8F29-4F146C823C49
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sda1 2048 4095 2048 1M BIOS boot
/dev/sda2 4096 413695 409600 200M Linux filesystem
/dev/sda3 413696 2510847 2097152 1G Linux swap
/dev/sda4 2510848 23482367 20971520 10G Linux filesystem
/dev/sda5 23482368 62912511 39430144 18.8G Linux filesystem
Disk /dev/sdb: 8 GiB, 8589934592 bytes, 16777216 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
root@localhost:~# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.31.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xab6f1544.
Command (m for help): m
Help:
DOS (MBR)
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit nested BSD disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
Generic
d delete a partition
F list free unpartitioned space
l list known partition types
n add a new partition
p print the partition table
t change a partition type
v verify the partition table
i print information about a partition
Misc
m print this menu
u change display/entry units
x extra functionality (experts only)
Script
I load disk layout from sfdisk script file
O dump disk layout to sfdisk script file
Save & Exit
w write table to disk and exit
q quit without saving changes
Create a new label
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create a new empty SGI (IRIX) partition table
o create a new empty DOS partition table
s create a new empty Sun partition table
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-16777215, default 2048):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-16777215, default 16777215): +3000M
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 3 GiB.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 8 GiB, 8589934592 bytes, 16777216 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xab6f1544
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1 2048 6146047 6144000 3G 83 Linux
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): e
Partition number (2-4, default 2): 2
First sector (6146048-16777215, default 6146048):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (6146048-16777215, default 16777215):
Created a new partition 2 of type 'Extended' and of size 5.1 GiB.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 8 GiB, 8589934592 bytes, 16777216 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xab6f1544
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1 2048 6146047 6144000 3G 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 6146048 16777215 10631168 5.1G 5 Extended
Command (m for help): n
All space for primary partitions is in use.
Adding logical partition 5
First sector (6148096-16777215, default 6148096):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (6148096-16777215, default 16777215): +2000M
Created a new partition 5 of type 'Linux' and of size 2 GiB.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 8 GiB, 8589934592 bytes, 16777216 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xab6f1544
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1 2048 6146047 6144000 3G 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 6146048 16777215 10631168 5.1G 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 6148096 10244095 4096000 2G 83 Linux
Command (m for help): n
All space for primary partitions is in use.
Adding logical partition 6
First sector (10246144-16777215, default 10246144):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (10246144-16777215, default 16777215):
Created a new partition 6 of type 'Linux' and of size 3.1 GiB.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 8 GiB, 8589934592 bytes, 16777216 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xab6f1544
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1 2048 6146047 6144000 3G 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 6146048 16777215 10631168 5.1G 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 6148096 10244095 4096000 2G 83 Linux
/dev/sdb6 10246144 16777215 6531072 3.1G 83 Linux
Command (m for help): n
All space for primary partitions is in use.
Adding logical partition 7
No free sectors available.
Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1,2,5,6, default 6): 2
Partition 2 has been deleted.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 8 GiB, 8589934592 bytes, 16777216 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xab6f1544
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1 2048 6146047 6144000 3G 83 Linux
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (2-4, default 2): 2
First sector (6146048-16777215, default 6146048):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (6146048-16777215, default 16777215): +1000M
Created a new partition 2 of type 'Linux' and of size 1000 MiB.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 8 GiB, 8589934592 bytes, 16777216 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xab6f1544
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1 2048 6146047 6144000 3G 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 6146048 8194047 2048000 1000M 83 Linux
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): e
Partition number (3,4, default 3): 3
First sector (8194048-16777215, default 8194048):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (8194048-16777215, default 16777215):
Created a new partition 3 of type 'Extended' and of size 4.1 GiB.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 8 GiB, 8589934592 bytes, 16777216 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xab6f1544
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1 2048 6146047 6144000 3G 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 6146048 8194047 2048000 1000M 83 Linux
/dev/sdb3 8194048 16777215 8583168 4.1G 5 Extended
Command (m for help): n
All space for primary partitions is in use.
Adding logical partition 5
First sector (8196096-16777215, default 8196096):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (8196096-16777215, default 16777215): +1000M
Created a new partition 5 of type 'Linux' and of size 1000 MiB.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 8 GiB, 8589934592 bytes, 16777216 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xab6f1544
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1 2048 6146047 6144000 3G 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 6146048 8194047 2048000 1000M 83 Linux
/dev/sdb3 8194048 16777215 8583168 4.1G 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 8196096 10244095 2048000 1000M 83 Linux
Command (m for help): n
All space for primary partitions is in use.
Adding logical partition 6
First sector (10246144-16777215, default 10246144):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (10246144-16777215, default 16777215):
Created a new partition 6 of type 'Linux' and of size 3.1 GiB.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 8 GiB, 8589934592 bytes, 16777216 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xab6f1544
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1 2048 6146047 6144000 3G 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 6146048 8194047 2048000 1000M 83 Linux
/dev/sdb3 8194048 16777215 8583168 4.1G 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 8196096 10244095 2048000 1000M 83 Linux
/dev/sdb6 10246144 16777215 6531072 3.1G 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
root@localhost:~#
Linux中GPT分区
- Linux中硬件设备都是一文件的形式存在于根目录下的dev目录下
- 硬件设备都是由Linux系统自动是别的
- 必须对硬盘进行分区、格式化、挂载后才能使用
- GPT分区需要使用另一个硬盘分区工具parted
- parted工具既可以给硬盘做MBR分区，又可以给硬盘做GPT分区
- GPT分区模式中没有主分区、扩展分区和逻辑分区的概念，就叫分区
使用parted进行硬盘分区：
- parted : 进入parted分区工具
- help : 查看分区帮助信息
- select /dev/sdc : 切换分区的目标硬盘
- mklable : 给目标硬盘指定分区表的类型
- mklable msdos : 给目标硬盘指定分区表的类型为MBR
- mklable gpt : 给目标硬盘指定分区表的类型为GPT
- print : 查看当前硬盘的分区详情
- print all : 查看所有硬盘的分区详情
- 分区时可以选择使用交互模式或者命令模式
- 先选择交互模式进行分区
- mkpart : 给硬盘中添加一个新分区
- 填写分区名称：games
- 指定分区文件系统：默认ext2
- 指分区起始位置：从1开始(单位为M)
- 指分区结束位置：从2000(单位为M)
- print : 查看当前硬盘的分区详情
- 先选择命令模式进行分区
- mkpart test 2000 3000 : 使用命令模式进行分区，分出一个名为test的分区(单位为M)
- print : 查看当前硬盘的分区详情
- unit GB : 默认分区时指定分区起始和结束位置是以MB为单位的，通过这个命令可以设置单位
- quit : 退出parted分区工具
例如：
root@localhost:~# parted
GNU Parted 3.2
Using /dev/sda
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) help
align-check TYPE N check partition N for TYPE(min|opt) alignment
help [COMMAND] print general help, or help on COMMAND
mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE create a new disklabel (partition table)
mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END make a partition
name NUMBER NAME name partition NUMBER as NAME
print [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER] display the partition table, available devices, free space, all found partitions, or a particular partition
quit exit program
rescue START END rescue a lost partition near START and END
resizepart NUMBER END resize partition NUMBER
rm NUMBER delete partition NUMBER
select DEVICE choose the device to edit
disk_set FLAG STATE change the FLAG on selected device
disk_toggle [FLAG] toggle the state of FLAG on selected device
set NUMBER FLAG STATE change the FLAG on partition NUMBER
toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]] toggle the state of FLAG on partition NUMBER
unit UNIT set the default unit to UNIT
version display the version number and copyright information of GNU Parted
(parted) select /dev/sd
sda sda1 sda2 sda3 sda4 sda5 sdb sdb1 sdb2 sdb3 sdb5 sdb6 sdc
(parted) select /dev/sdc
Using /dev/sdc
(parted) mklabel gpt
(parted) print
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 8590MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
(parted) print all
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 32.2GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 1049kB 2097kB 1049kB bios_grub
2 2097kB 212MB 210MB ext4
3 212MB 1286MB 1074MB linux-swap(v1)
4 1286MB 12.0GB 10.7GB ext4
5 12.0GB 32.2GB 20.2GB ext4
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 8590MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 1049kB 3147MB 3146MB primary
2 3147MB 4195MB 1049MB primary
3 4195MB 8590MB 4395MB extended
5 4196MB 5245MB 1049MB logical
6 5246MB 8590MB 3344MB logical
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 8590MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only.
Model: NECVMWar VMware SATA CD01 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sr0: 845MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 2048B/2048B
Partition Table: mac
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 2048B 6143B 4096B Apple
2 807MB 809MB 2392kB EFI
(parted) mkpart
Partition name? []? games
File system type? [ext2]?
Start? 1
End? 1024
(parted) print
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 8590MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 1049kB 1024MB 1023MB ext2 games
(parted) mkpart test 1024 3000
(parted) print
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 8590MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 1049kB 1024MB 1023MB ext2 games
2 1024MB 3000MB 1976MB test
(parted) mkpart test 3000 4100
(parted) print
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 8590MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 1049kB 1024MB 1023MB ext2 games
2 1024MB 3000MB 1976MB test
3 3000MB 4100MB 1100MB test
(parted) mkpart test 3000 5100
Warning: You requested a partition from 3000MB to 5100MB (sectors 5859375..9960937).
The closest location we can manage is 4100MB to 5100MB (sectors 8007680..9960937).
Is this still acceptable to you?
Yes/No? yes
(parted) print
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 8590MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 1049kB 1024MB 1023MB ext2 games
2 1024MB 3000MB 1976MB test
3 3000MB 4100MB 1100MB test
4 4100MB 5100MB 1000MB test
(parted) mkpart aaa 3000 5100
Warning: You requested a partition from 3000MB to 5100MB (sectors 5859375..9960937).
The closest location we can manage is 5100MB to 5100MB (sectors 9960938..9960938).
Is this still acceptable to you?
Yes/No? no
(parted) mkpart aaa 3000
End?
End?
End? 9999
Error: The location 9999 is outside of the device /dev/sdc.
(parted) 8000
align-check TYPE N check partition N for TYPE(min|opt) alignment
help [COMMAND] print general help, or help on COMMAND
mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE create a new disklabel (partition table)
mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END make a partition
name NUMBER NAME name partition NUMBER as NAME
print [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER] display the partition table, available devices, free space, all found partitions, or a particular partition
quit exit program
rescue START END rescue a lost partition near START and END
resizepart NUMBER END resize partition NUMBER
rm NUMBER delete partition NUMBER
select DEVICE choose the device to edit
disk_set FLAG STATE change the FLAG on selected device
disk_toggle [FLAG] toggle the state of FLAG on selected device
set NUMBER FLAG STATE change the FLAG on partition NUMBER
toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]] toggle the state of FLAG on partition NUMBER
unit UNIT set the default unit to UNIT
version display the version number and copyright information of GNU Parted
(parted) print
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 8590MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 1049kB 1024MB 1023MB ext2 games
2 1024MB 3000MB 1976MB test
3 3000MB 4100MB 1100MB test
4 4100MB 5100MB 1000MB test
(parted) mkpart aaa 3000 8100
Warning: You requested a partition from 3000MB to 8100MB (sectors 5859375..15820312).
The closest location we can manage is 5100MB to 8100MB (sectors 9960938..15820312).
Is this still acceptable to you?
Yes/No? yes
Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.
Ignore/Cancel? Cancel
(parted) mkpart aaa 5100 8888
Error: The location 8888 is outside of the device /dev/sdc.
(parted) mkpart aaa 5100 8000
(parted) pring
align-check TYPE N check partition N for TYPE(min|opt) alignment
help [COMMAND] print general help, or help on COMMAND
mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE create a new disklabel (partition table)
mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END make a partition
name NUMBER NAME name partition NUMBER as NAME
print [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER] display the partition table, available devices, free space, all found partitions, or a particular partition
quit exit program
rescue START END rescue a lost partition near START and END
resizepart NUMBER END resize partition NUMBER
rm NUMBER delete partition NUMBER
select DEVICE choose the device to edit
disk_set FLAG STATE change the FLAG on selected device
disk_toggle [FLAG] toggle the state of FLAG on selected device
set NUMBER FLAG STATE change the FLAG on partition NUMBER
toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]] toggle the state of FLAG on partition NUMBER
unit UNIT set the default unit to UNIT
version display the version number and copyright information of GNU Parted
(parted) print
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 8590MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 1049kB 1024MB 1023MB ext2 games
2 1024MB 3000MB 1976MB test
3 3000MB 4100MB 1100MB test
4 4100MB 5100MB 1000MB test
5 5100MB 8000MB 2899MB aaa
(parted) quit
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
root@localhost:~#
Linux中分区的格式化
分区的格式化工具mkfs
mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1
- 将/dev/sdb1分区格式化成ext3文件类型
mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb2
- 将/dev/sdb2分区格式化成ext4文件类型
Linux中挂载分区
分区默认的挂载目录/mnt目录
挂载命令mount
mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/test
卸载命令umount
umount /mnt/test
使用mount和umount挂载只是暂时性的，系统重启后需要重新手动挂载
编辑/etc/fstab文件使挂载永久生效
在/etc/fstab最后重新起一行，添加
/dev/sdb1 /mnt/test ext4 default 0 0
- /dev/sdb1代表设备名称
- /mnt/test代表挂载点
- ext4代表文件系统的类型
Linux中创建swap分区
如何为硬盘添加swap交换分区?
- 建立一个普通的linux分区
- 修改分区类型的16进制编码
- 格式化交换分区
- 启用交换分区
1.建立一个普通的linux分区
2.修改分区类型的16进制编码
- fdisk /dev/sdb : 进入fdisk分区工具
- p : 查看分区详情
- t : 修改分区类型编号
- 5 : 分区编号(/dev/sdb5分区)
- L : 查看编码列表
- 82 : linux中swap交换分区的编码
- w : 将修改后磁盘的分区方案写入磁盘分区表中并保存
- mkswap /dev/sdb5 : 格式化swap交换分区
- swapon /dev/sdb5 : 启用swap交换分区
- 编辑/etc/fstab是系统启动时自动启动swap交换分区，新增一行
/dev/sdb5 swap swap defaults 0 0
- free : 查看swap交换分区加载状况
- swapoff /dev/sdb5 : 停止swap交换分区
Linux中创建swap文件
- 创建要作为swap分区的文件:增加1GB大小的交换分区，则命令写法如下，其中的count等于想要的块的数量（bs*count=文件大小）。
dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/.swapfile bs=1M count=1024
- 格式化为交换分区文件:
mkswap /root/.swapfile #建立swap的文件系统
- 启用交换分区文件:
swapon /root/.swapfile #启用swap文件
- 使系统开机时自启用，在文件/etc/fstab中添加一行：
/root/.swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0
- free : 查看swap交换文件加载状况
- swapoff /root/.swapfile : 停止swap交换文件