MCM试题原文及翻译 AB题 2014美国数学建模竞赛
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PROBLEM A: The Keep-Right-Except-To-Pass Rule
问题A – “保持右侧行驶，除非超车”规则。
In countries where driving automobiles on the right is the rule (that is, USA, China and most other countries except for Great Britain, Australia, and some former British colonies), multi-lane freeways often employ a rule that requires drivers to drive in the right-most lane unless they are passing another vehicle, in which case they move one lane to the left, pass, and return to their former travel lane.
在许多国家，交通规则要求机动车靠右行驶（比如美国，中国和其它许多国家，除了英国，澳大利亚，还有一些从前英国的殖民地），多车道高速公路常常采用这样的规则：要求驾驶员在最右侧车道驾驶，除非他们要超越另一辆车，他们可以变换到左侧车道，超车，然后返回之前的车道。
Build and analyze a mathematical model to analyze the performance of this rule in light and heavy traffic. You may wish to examine tradeoffs between traffic flow and safety, the role of under- or over-posted speed limits (that is, speed limits that are too low or too high), and/or other factors that may not be explicitly called out in this problem statement. Is this rule effective in promoting better traffic flow? If not, suggest and analyze alternatives (to include possibly no rule of this kind at all) that might promote greater traffic flow, safety, and/or other factors that you deem important.
构造并研究一个数学模型，以分析这个规则在畅通或拥堵的交通状况下的性能表现。你可能需要去研究权衡车流量和安全、高于或低于限速规定所带来的作用/影响(即，限速规定是太低或是太高)、或者其它任何题目中没有明确论述的因素。 这个规则有效地促进了车流的流动么/有效地使交通更加畅通么？如果没有，设想并研究其它可能的方案（甚至包括没有规则），来促使车流量增大、安全性更高、和（或）其它你认为重要的因素。
In countries where driving automobiles on the left is the norm, argue whether or not your solution can be carried over with a simple change of orientation, or would additional requirements be needed.
在机动车靠左行驶的国家，讨论你的解决方案，在经过简单的方向改变之后，是否能继续生效。或者你需要其它附加的要求/条件，才能使你的方案生效。
Lastly, the rule as stated above relies upon human judgment for compliance. If vehicle transportation on the same roadway was fully under the control of an intelligent system – either part of the road network or imbedded in the design of all vehicles using the roadway – to what extent would this change the results of your earlier analysis?
最后，这个在上面叙述过的规则，依靠于人工的判断来遵守规则。如果在相同车道上的车辆，全部被智能系统控制–比如公路网络或者嵌入在汽车里的智能系统–那么这样的话，这种改变将在多大程度上影响你之前的分析呢？
PROBLEM B: College Coaching Legends
问题B：大学教练传奇
Sports Illustrated, a magazine for sports enthusiasts, is looking for the “best all time college coach” male or female for the previous century.
Sports Illustrated，一个为运动狂热者编写的杂志，在寻找上个世纪“史上最棒大学教练”，男女不限。
Build a mathematical model to choose the best college coach or coaches (past or present) from among either male or female coaches in such sports as college hockey or field hockey, football, baseball or softball, basketball, or soccer.
构建一个数学模型，去选出最棒大学教练(们)，在大学曲棍球或者陆上曲棍球，足球，棒球，垒球，篮球，足球等运动中的教练中选择，男女不限。
Does it make a difference which time line horizon that you use in your analysis, i.e., does coaching in 1913 differ from coaching in 2013? Clearly articulate your metrics for assessment.
你的分析中，你使用的时间跨度的不同，是否造成了结论的差异？即，1913年最好的教练是否不同于2013年最好的教练？清楚地表述你所衡量/评估的指标。
Discuss how your model can be applied in general across both genders and all possible sports. Present your model’s top 5 coaches in each of 3 different sports.
讨论你的模型如何能普遍的被应用到所有性别和所有可能的运动(项目)中去。在三种不通的运动中，请用你的模型列出5位教练。（每种运动都要列出5位）
In addition to the MCM format and requirements, prepare a 1-2 page article for Sports Illustrated that explains your results and includes a non-technical explanation of your mathematical model that sports fans will understand.
最后，除了MCM的格式和要求，另外为Sports Illustrated杂志准备1-2页的文章，解释你的结果，需要包含非专业性的对你的数学模型的解释，来让运动迷们理解。