抢购、秒杀是如今很常见的一个应用场景,主要需要解决的问题有两个:一个是高并发对数据库产生的压力,另一个就是竞争状态下如何解决库存的正确减少("超卖"问题)。对于第一个问题,已经很容易想到用缓存来处理抢购,避免直接操作数据库,例如使用Redis。
重点在于第二个问题
常规写法:
查询出对应商品的库存,看是否大于0,然后执行生成订单等操作,但是在判断库存是否大于0处,如果在高并发下就会有问题,导致库存量出现负数
<?php $conn=mysql_connect("localhost","big","123456"); if(!$conn){ echo "connect failed"; exit; } mysql_select_db("big",$conn); mysql_query("set names utf8"); $price=10; $user_id=1; $goods_id=1; $sku_id=11; $number=1; //生成唯一订单 function build_order_no(){ return date('ymd').substr(implode(NULL, array_map('ord', str_split(substr(uniqid(), 7, 13), 1))), 0, 8); } //记录日志 function insertLog($event,$type=0){ global $conn; $sql="insert into ih_log(event,type) values('$event','$type')"; mysql_query($sql,$conn); } //模拟下单操作 //库存是否大于0 $sql="select number from ih_store where goods_id='$goods_id' and sku_id='$sku_id'";//解锁 此时ih_store数据中goods_id='$goods_id' and sku_id='$sku_id' 的数据被锁住(注3),其它事务必须等待此次事务 提交后才能执行 $rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn); $row=mysql_fetch_assoc($rs); if($row['number']>0){//高并发下会导致超卖 $order_sn=build_order_no(); //生成订单 $sql="insert into ih_order(order_sn,user_id,goods_id,sku_id,price) values('$order_sn','$user_id','$goods_id','$sku_id','$price')"; $order_rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn); //库存减少 $sql="update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id='$sku_id'"; $store_rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn); if(mysql_affected_rows()){ insertLog('库存减少成功'); }else{ insertLog('库存减少失败'); } }else{ insertLog('库存不够'); } ?>
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优化方案1:
将库存字段number字段设为unsigned,当库存为0时,因为字段不能为负数,将会返回false
1 2 3 4 5 6 | //库存减少 $sql="update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id='$sku_id' and number>0"; $store_rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn); if(mysql_affected_rows()){ insertLog('库存减少成功'); } 登录后复制 |
优化方案2:
使用MySQL的事务,锁住操作的行
<?php $conn=mysql_connect("localhost","big","123456"); if(!$conn){ echo "connect failed"; exit; } mysql_select_db("big",$conn); mysql_query("set names utf8"); $price=10; $user_id=1; $goods_id=1; $sku_id=11; $number=1; //生成唯一订单号 function build_order_no(){ return date('ymd').substr(implode(NULL, array_map('ord', str_split(substr(uniqid(), 7, 13), 1))), 0, 8); } //记录日志 function insertLog($event,$type=0){ global $conn; $sql="insert into ih_log(event,type) values('$event','$type')"; mysql_query($sql,$conn); } //模拟下单操作 //库存是否大于0 mysql_query("BEGIN"); //开始事务 $sql="select number from ih_store where goods_id='$goods_id' and sku_id='$sku_id' FOR UPDATE";//此时这条记录被锁住,其它事务必须等待此次事务提交后才能执行 $rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn); $row=mysql_fetch_assoc($rs); if($row['number']>0){ //生成订单 $order_sn=build_order_no(); $sql="insert into ih_order(order_sn,user_id,goods_id,sku_id,price) values('$order_sn','$user_id','$goods_id','$sku_id','$price')"; $order_rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn); //库存减少 $sql="update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id='$sku_id'"; $store_rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn); if(mysql_affected_rows()){ insertLog('库存减少成功'); mysql_query("COMMIT");//事务提交即解锁 }else{ insertLog('库存减少失败'); } }else{ insertLog('库存不够'); mysql_query("ROLLBACK"); } ?>
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优化方案3:
使用非阻塞的文件排他锁
<?php $conn=mysql_connect("localhost","root","123456"); if(!$conn){ echo "connect failed"; exit; } mysql_select_db("big-bak",$conn); mysql_query("set names utf8"); $price=10; $user_id=1; $goods_id=1; $sku_id=11; $number=1; //生成唯一订单号 function build_order_no(){ return date('ymd').substr(implode(NULL, array_map('ord', str_split(substr(uniqid(), 7, 13), 1))), 0, 8); } //记录日志 function insertLog($event,$type=0){ global $conn; $sql="insert into ih_log(event,type) values('$event','$type')"; mysql_query($sql,$conn); } $fp = fopen("lock.txt", "w+"); if(!flock($fp,LOCK_EX | LOCK_NB)){ echo "系统繁忙,请稍后再试"; return; } //下单 $sql="select number from ih_store where goods_id='$goods_id' and sku_id='$sku_id'"; $rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn); $row=mysql_fetch_assoc($rs); if($row['number']>0){//库存是否大于0 //模拟下单操作 $order_sn=build_order_no(); $sql="insert into ih_order(order_sn,user_id,goods_id,sku_id,price) values('$order_sn','$user_id','$goods_id','$sku_id','$price')"; $order_rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn); //库存减少 $sql="update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id='$sku_id'"; $store_rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn); if(mysql_affected_rows()){ insertLog('库存减少成功'); flock($fp,LOCK_UN);//释放锁 }else{ insertLog('库存减少失败'); } }else{ insertLog('库存不够'); } fclose($fp);
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优化方案4:
使用redis队列,因为pop操作是原子的,即使有很多用户同时到达,也是依次执行,推荐使用(mysql事务在高并发下性能下降很厉害,文件锁的方式也是)
先将商品库存如队列
<?php $store=1000; $redis=new Redis(); $result=$redis->connect('127.0.0.1',6379); $res=$redis->llen('goods_store'); echo $res; $count=$store-$res; for($i=0;$i<$count;$i++){ $redis->lpush('goods_store',1); } echo $redis->llen('goods_store'); ?>
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抢购、描述逻辑
<?php $conn=mysql_connect("localhost","big","123456"); if(!$conn){ echo "connect failed"; exit; } mysql_select_db("big",$conn); mysql_query("set names utf8"); $price=10; $user_id=1; $goods_id=1; $sku_id=11; $number=1; //生成唯一订单号 function build_order_no(){ return date('ymd').substr(implode(NULL, array_map('ord', str_split(substr(uniqid(), 7, 13), 1))), 0, 8); } //记录日志 function insertLog($event,$type=0){ global $conn; $sql="insert into ih_log(event,type) values('$event','$type')"; mysql_query($sql,$conn); } //模拟下单操作 //下单前判断redis队列库存量 $redis=new Redis(); $result=$redis->connect('127.0.0.1',6379); $count=$redis->lpop('goods_store'); if(!$count){ insertLog('error:no store redis'); return; } //生成订单 $order_sn=build_order_no(); $sql="insert into ih_order(order_sn,user_id,goods_id,sku_id,price) values('$order_sn','$user_id','$goods_id','$sku_id','$price')"; $order_rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn); //库存减少 $sql="update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id='$sku_id'"; $store_rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn); if(mysql_affected_rows()){ insertLog('库存减少成功'); }else{ insertLog('库存减少失败');
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上述只是简单模拟高并发下的抢购,真实场景要比这复杂很多,以后会一一跟大家分享。
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