怎么startup/shutdown PDB？
来源于：
12c: How to Startup/Shutdown PDB's? (文档 ID 1592247.1)
适用于：
Oracle Database - Enterprise Edition - Version 12.1.0.1 and later
Information in this document applies to any platform.
目标：
startup/shutdown PDB的方法。
解决方式：
在12c之前，传统的startup/shutdown 命令是：
Shutdown Command
SHUTDOWN NORMAL
SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE
SHUTDOWN ABORT
Startup Command
STARTUP
STARTUP NOMOUNT
STARTUP MOUNT
在CDB中运行SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE 会发生什么？
假设我们在container database (CDB)级别使用传统的shutdown命令。那么我们会把CDB和其下所有的PDB所有关闭。
[oracle@rhel59 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Sat Feb 13 03:45:42 2016 Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options SQL> select instance_name from v$instance; INSTANCE_NAME
----------------
orcl SQL> show con_name CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> alter session set container=pn1;
alter session set container=pn1
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
Process ID: 0
Session ID: 0 Serial number: 0 SQL>
从上面我们能确认：在container database (CDB)级别使用SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE命令会把CDB和其下所有的PDB所有关闭
怎么关闭个别的PDB？
[oracle@rhel59 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Sat Feb 13 05:37:18 2016 Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options SQL> SELECT NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$PDBS; NAME OPEN_MODE
------------------------------ ----------
PDB$SEED READ ONLY
PN1 READ WRITE
PN2 MOUNTED SQL> ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER=pn1; ------------->>>>关键点 Session altered. SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
Pluggable Database closed.
SQL> SELECT NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$PDBS; NAME OPEN_MODE
------------------------------ ----------
PN1 MOUNTED SQL>
或者：
[oracle@rhel59 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Sat Feb 13 05:40:10 2016 Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options SQL> SELECT NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$PDBS; NAME OPEN_MODE
------------------------------ ----------
PDB$SEED READ ONLY
PN1 READ WRITE
PN2 MOUNTED SQL> alter pluggable database pn1 close;---->>关键点 Pluggable database altered. SQL> SELECT NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$PDBS; NAME OPEN_MODE
------------------------------ ----------
PDB$SEED READ ONLY
PN1 MOUNTED
PN2 MOUNTED SQL>
也能够这么写：SQL> alter pluggable database pn1 close immediate;
一旦我们运行了shutdown命令，pdb总是停留在mount状态
怎么依据须要启动某一个PDB？
有两种不同的方式来启动PDB
SQL> select con_id, name, open_mode from v$pdbs;
CON_ID NAME OPEN_MODE
---------- ------------------------------ ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY
3 PN1 MOUNTED
4 PN2 MOUNTED
SQL> alter pluggable database pn1 open;
Pluggable database altered.
SQL> select con_id, name, open_mode from v$pdbs;
CON_ID NAME OPEN_MODE
---------- ------------------------------ ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY
3 PN1 READ WRITE
4 PN2 MOUNTED
SQL> select con_id, name, open_mode,RESTRICTED from v$PDBS;
CON_ID NAME OPEN_MODE RES
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ---
2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO
3 PN1 READ WRITE NO
4 PN2 MOUNTED
SQL>
Open PDB in restricted mode
SQL> alter pluggable database PN1 open restricted; Pluggable database altered. SQL> SELECT NAME,OPEN_MODE,RESTRICTED from v$PDBS; NAME OPEN_MODE RES
------------------------------ ---------- ---
PN1 READ WRITE YES
Open PDB with force option
SQL> alter pluggable database PN1 open FORCE; Pluggable database altered. SQL> SELECT NAME,OPEN_MODE,RESTRICTED from v$PDBS; NAME OPEN_MODE RES
------------------------------ ---------- ---
PN1 READ WRITE NO
也能够把PDB open到upgrade模式
SQL> alter pluggable database PN1 open UPGRADE;
注意。本文也适用于rac，仅仅须要把v$换成GV$