问题描述
我正在使用python自动为Qualtrics在线调查生成 qsf 文件。 qsf 文件要求使用 \u + hex 约定对Unicode字符进行转义：'слово'='＼ 044u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e'。目前，我可以使用以下表达式来实现此目的：
I am using python to automatically generate qsf files for Qualtrics online surveys. The qsf file requires unicode characters to be escaped using the \u+hex convention: 'слово' = '\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e'. Currently, I am achieving this with the following expression:
'слово'.encode('ascii','backslashreplace').decode('ascii')
输出正是我需要的，但是由于这是两个-步骤过程中，我想知道是否有更有效的方法来获得相同的结果。
The output is exactly what I need, but since this is a two-step process, I wondered if there is a more efficient way to get the same result.
推荐答案
如果您将输出文件打开为'wb'，然后接受字节流而不是unicode参数：
If you open your output file as 'wb', then it accepts a byte stream rather than unicode arguments:
s = 'слово'
with open('data.txt','wb') as f:
f.write(s.encode('unicode_escape'))
f.write(b'\n') # add a line feed
这似乎可以满足您的要求：
This seems to do what you want:
$ cat data.txt
\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e
，它避免了将Unicode写入文本流时的解码以及任何翻译。
and it avoids both the decode as well as any translation that happens when writing unicode to a text stream.
已更新为使用encode（'unicode_escape'）作为根据@JFSebastian的建议。
Updated to use encode('unicode_escape') as per the suggestion of @J.F.Sebastian.
％timeit报告说，它比encode（'ascii'，'backslashreplace'）：快很多：
%timeit reports that it is quite a bit faster than encode('ascii', 'backslashreplace'):
In [18]: f = open('data.txt', 'wb')
In [19]: %timeit f.write(s.encode('unicode_escape'))
The slowest run took 224.43 times longer than the fastest. This could mean that an intermediate result is being cached.
100000 loops, best of 3: 1.55 µs per loop
In [20]: %timeit f.write(s.encode('ascii','backslashreplace'))
The slowest run took 9.13 times longer than the fastest. This could mean that an intermediate result is being cached.
100000 loops, best of 3: 2.37 µs per loop
In [21]: f.close()
奇怪的是，即使每次循环时间更快，encode（'unicode_escape'）从timeit的延迟也比encode（'ascii'，'backslashreplace'）的延迟长很多，因此请务必在您的环境中同时进行测试。
Curiously, the lag from timeit for encode('unicode_escape') is a lot longer than that from encode('ascii', 'backslashreplace') even though the per loop time is faster, so be sure to test both in your environment.
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