抱着这样的疑问和对鸿蒙开发的好奇,让我们开始今天对消息通知的掌握吧!

目录

基础通知

进度条通知

通知意图


基础通知

在harmonyos当中提供了各种不同功能的通知来满足我们不同的业务需求,接下来我们首先开始对基础通知它的场景和实现方式进行讲解。

应用可以通过通知接口发送通知消息,提醒用户关注应用中的变化,用户可以在通知栏查看和操作通知内容。以下是基础通知的操作步骤:

1)导入 notification 模块:

import notificationManager from '@ohos.notificationManager';

2)发布通知:

// 构建通知请求
let request: notificationManager.NotificationRequest = {
 id: 10,
 content: { // 通知内容:... }
}
// 发布通知
notificationManager.publish(request)
  .then(() => console.log('发布通知成功'))
  .catch(reason => console.log('发布通知失败', JSON.stringify((reason))))

通知的类型主要有以下四种:

3)取消通知:

// 取消指定id的通知
notificationManager.cancel(10)
// 取消当前应用所有通知
notificationManager.calcelAll()

接下来对基础通知的四种通知类型进行简单的讲解,具体使用参数使用可在publish出悬停,然后点击查阅API参考进行查看:

【HarmonyOS】消息通知场景的实现-LMLPHP

这里将常用的参数 SlotType 进行简单讲解一下,其下面的具体参数可参考以下的表格:

关于通知的消息需要在手机模拟器上才能显示,在本地预览器中是不能显示的:  

import notify from '@ohos.notificationManager'
import image from '@ohos.multimedia.image'
import { Header } from '../common/components/CommonComponents'

@Entry
@Component
struct NotificationPage {
  // 全局任务id
  idx: number = 100
  // 图象
  pixel: PixelMap

  async aboutToAppear() {
    // 获取资源管理器
    let rm = getContext(this).resourceManager;
    // 读取图片
    let file = await rm.getMediaContent($r('app.media.watchGT4'))
    // 创建PixelMap
    image.createImageSource(file.buffer).createPixelMap()
      .then(value => this.pixel = value)
      .catch(reason => console.log('testTag', '加载图片异常', JSON.stringify(reason)))
  }

  build() {
    Column({space: 20}) {
      Header({title: '通知功能'})

      Button(`发送normalText通知`)
        .onClick(() => this.publishNormalTextNotification())
      Button(`发送longText通知`)
        .onClick(() => this.publishLongTextNotification())
      Button(`发送multiLine通知`)
        .onClick(() => this.publishMultiLineNotification())
      Button(`发送Picture通知`)
        .onClick(() => this.publishPictureNotification())
    }
    .width('100%')
    .height('100%')
    .padding(5)
    .backgroundColor('#f1f2f3')
  }

  // 普通文本发送
  publishNormalTextNotification() {
    let request: notify.NotificationRequest = {
      id: this.idx++,
      content: {
        contentType: notify.ContentType.NOTIFICATION_CONTENT_BASIC_TEXT,
        normal: {
          title: '通知标题' + this.idx,
          text: '通知内容详情',
          additionalText: '通知附加内容'
        }
      },
      showDeliveryTime: true,
      deliveryTime: new Date().getTime(),
      groupName: 'wechat',
      slotType: notify.SlotType.SOCIAL_COMMUNICATION
    }
    this.publish(request)
  }

  // 长文本发送
  publishLongTextNotification() {
    let request: notify.NotificationRequest = {
      id: this.idx++,
      content: {
        contentType: notify.ContentType.NOTIFICATION_CONTENT_LONG_TEXT,
        longText: {
          title: '通知标题' + this.idx,
          text: '通知内容详情',
          additionalText: '通知附加内容',
          longText: '通知中的长文本,我很长,我很长,我很长,我很长,我很长,我很长,我很长',
          briefText: '通知概要和总结',
          expandedTitle: '通知展开时的标题' + this.idx
        }
      }
    }
    this.publish(request)
  }

  // 多行文本发送
  publishMultiLineNotification() {
    let request: notify.NotificationRequest = {
      id: this.idx++,
      content: {
        contentType: notify.ContentType.NOTIFICATION_CONTENT_MULTILINE,
        multiLine: {
          title: '通知标题' + this.idx,
          text: '通知内容详情',
          additionalText: '通知附加内容',
          briefText: '通知概要和总结',
          longTitle: '展开时的标题,我很宽,我很宽,我很宽',
          lines: [
            '第一行',
            '第二行',
            '第三行',
            '第四行',
          ]
        }
      }
    }
    this.publish(request)
  }

  // 图片型文本发送
  publishPictureNotification() {
    let request: notify.NotificationRequest = {
      id: this.idx++,
      content: {
        contentType: notify.ContentType.NOTIFICATION_CONTENT_PICTURE,
        picture: {
          title: '通知标题' + this.idx,
          text: '通知内容详情',
          additionalText: '通知附加内容',
          briefText: '通知概要和总结',
          expandedTitle: '展开后标题' + this.idx,
          picture: this.pixel
        }
      }
    }
    this.publish(request)
  }

  private publish(request: notify.NotificationRequest) {
    notify.publish(request)
      .then(() => console.log('notify test', '发送通知成功'))
      .then(reason => console.log('notify test', '发送通知失败', JSON.stringify(reason)))
  }
}

呈现的效果如下:

【HarmonyOS】消息通知场景的实现-LMLPHP

进度条通知

进度条通知会展示一个动态的进度条,主要用于文件下载,长任务处理的进度显示,下面是实现进度条的基本步骤:

1)判断当前系统是否支持进度条模板

this.isSupport = await notify.isSupportTemplate('downloadTemplate')
if(!this.isSupport) {
  return 
}

2)定义通知请求

let template = {
  name: 'downloadTemplate', // 模板名称,必须是downloadTemplate
  data: {
    progressValue: this.progressValue, // 进度条当前进度
    progressMaxValue: this.progressMaxValue // 进度条的最大值
  }
}
let request: notify.NotificationRequest = {
  id: this.notificationId,
  template: template,
  wantAgent: this.wantAgentInstance,
  content: {
    contentType: notify.ContentType.NOTIFICATION_CONTENT_BASIC_TEXT,
    normal: {
      title: this.filename + ':  ' + this.state,
      text: '',
      additionalText: this.progressValue + '%'
    }
  }
}

接下来对进度条进行实现:

import notify from '@ohos.notificationManager'
import wantAgent, { WantAgent } from '@ohos.app.ability.wantAgent'
import promptAction from '@ohos.promptAction'

enum DownloadState {
  NOT_BEGIN = '未开始',
  DOWNLOADING = '下载中',
  PAUSE = '已暂停',
  FINISHED = '已完成',
}

@Component
export default struct DownloadCard {
  // 下载进度
  @State progressValue: number = 0
  progressMaxValue: number = 100
  // 任务状态
  @State state: DownloadState = DownloadState.NOT_BEGIN

  // 下载的文件名
  filename: string = '圣诞星.mp4'

  // 模拟下载的任务的id
  taskId: number = -1

  // 通知id
  notificationId: number = 999

  isSupport: boolean = false

  async aboutToAppear(){
    // 判断当前系统是否支持进度条模板
    this.isSupport = await notify.isSupportTemplate('downloadTemplate')
  }

  build() {
    Row({ space: 10 }) {
      Image($r('app.media.ic_files_video')).width(50)
      Column({ space: 5 }) {
        Row() {
          Text(this.filename)
          Text(`${this.progressValue}%`).fontColor('#c1c2c1')
        }
        .width('100%')
        .justifyContent(FlexAlign.SpaceBetween)

        Progress({
          value: this.progressValue,
          total: this.progressMaxValue,
        })

        Row({ space: 5 }) {
          Text(`${(this.progressValue * 0.43).toFixed(2)}MB`)
            .fontSize(14).fontColor('#c1c2c1')
          Blank()
          if (this.state === DownloadState.NOT_BEGIN) {
            Button('开始').downloadButton()
              .onClick(() => this.download())

          } else if (this.state === DownloadState.DOWNLOADING) {
            Button('取消').downloadButton().backgroundColor('#d1d2d3')
              .onClick(() => this.cancel())

            Button('暂停').downloadButton()
              .onClick(() => this.pause())

          } else if (this.state === DownloadState.PAUSE) {
            Button('取消').downloadButton().backgroundColor('#d1d2d3')
              .onClick(() => this.cancel())

            Button('继续').downloadButton()
              .onClick(() => this.download())
          } else {
            Button('打开').downloadButton()
              .onClick(() => this.open())
          }
        }.width('100%')
      }
      .layoutWeight(1)
    }
    .width('100%')
    .borderRadius(20)
    .padding(15)
    .backgroundColor(Color.White)
  }


  cancel() {
    // 取消定时任务
    if(this.taskId > 0){
      clearInterval(this.taskId);
      this.taskId = -1
    }
    // 清理下载任务进度
    this.progressValue = 0
    // 标记任务状态:未开始
    this.state = DownloadState.NOT_BEGIN
    // 取消通知
    notify.cancel(this.notificationId)
  }

  download() {
    // 清理旧任务
    if(this.taskId > 0){
      clearInterval(this.taskId);
    }
    // 开启定时任务,模拟下载
    this.taskId = setInterval(() => {
      // 判断任务进度是否达到100
      if(this.progressValue >= 100){
        // 任务完成了,应该取消定时任务
        clearInterval(this.taskId)
        this.taskId = -1
        // 并且标记任务状态为已完成
        this.state = DownloadState.FINISHED
        // 发送通知
        this.publishDownloadNotification()
        return
      }
      // 模拟任务进度变更
      this.progressValue += 2
      // 发送通知
      this.publishDownloadNotification()
    }, 500)
    // 标记任务状态:下载中
    this.state = DownloadState.DOWNLOADING
  }

  pause() {
    // 取消定时任务
    if(this.taskId > 0){
      clearInterval(this.taskId);
      this.taskId = -1
    }
    // 标记任务状态:已暂停
    this.state = DownloadState.PAUSE
    // 发送通知
    this.publishDownloadNotification()
  }

  open() {
    promptAction.showToast({
      message: '功能未实现'
    })
  }

  publishDownloadNotification(){
    // 1.判断当前系统是否支持进度条模板
    if(!this.isSupport){
      // 当前系统不支持进度条模板
      return
    }
    // 2.准备进度条模板的参数
    let template = {
      name: 'downloadTemplate', // 模板名称,必须是downloadTemplate
      data: {
        progressValue: this.progressValue, // 进度条当前进度
        progressMaxValue: this.progressMaxValue // 进度条的最大值
      }
    }
    let request: notify.NotificationRequest = {
      id: this.notificationId,
      template: template,
      content: {
        contentType: notify.ContentType.NOTIFICATION_CONTENT_BASIC_TEXT,
        normal: {
          title: this.filename + ':  ' + this.state,
          text: '',
          additionalText: this.progressValue + '%'
        }
      }
    }
    // 3.发送通知
    notify.publish(request)
      .then(() => console.log('test', '通知发送成功'))
      .catch(reason => console.log('test', '通知发送失败!', JSON.stringify(reason)))
  }
}

@Extend(Button) function downloadButton() {
  .width(75).height(28).fontSize(14)
}

最终呈现的效果如下:

【HarmonyOS】消息通知场景的实现-LMLPHP

通知意图

我们可以给通知或者其中的按钮设置的行为意图(Want),从而实现拉起应用组件或发布公共事件的能力,下面是其实现的步骤:

// 创建wantInfo信息
let wantInfo: wantAgent.WantAgentInfo = {
  wants: [
    {
      deviceId: '', // 设备的id
      bundleName: 'com.example.myapplication', // 应用唯一标识
      abilityName: 'EntryAbility', 
      action: '',
      entities: [], 
    }
  ],
  requestCode: 0,
  operationType: wantAgent.OperationType.START_ABILITY,
  wantAgentFlags: [wantAgent.WantAgentFlags.CONSTANT_FLAG]
}
// 创建wantAgent实例
this.wantAgentInstance = await wantAgent.getWantAgent(wantInfo)
// 通知请求
let request: notify.NotificationRequest = {
  id: this.notificationId,
  template: template,
  wantAgent: this.wantAgentInstance, // 设置通知意图
  content: {
    // 
  }
}

通过上面的案例,我们给下载的进度条添加通知意图,让其下载的通知点击后跳转到下载页面,其实现的代码如下:

import notify from '@ohos.notificationManager'
import wantAgent, { WantAgent } from '@ohos.app.ability.wantAgent'
import promptAction from '@ohos.promptAction'

enum DownloadState {
  NOT_BEGIN = '未开始',
  DOWNLOADING = '下载中',
  PAUSE = '已暂停',
  FINISHED = '已完成',
}

@Component
export default struct DownloadCard {
  // 下载进度
  @State progressValue: number = 0
  progressMaxValue: number = 100
  // 任务状态
  @State state: DownloadState = DownloadState.NOT_BEGIN

  // 下载的文件名
  filename: string = '圣诞星.mp4'

  // 模拟下载的任务的id
  taskId: number = -1

  // 通知id
  notificationId: number = 999

  isSupport: boolean = false

  wantAgentInstance: WantAgent

  async aboutToAppear(){
    // 1.判断当前系统是否支持进度条模板
    this.isSupport = await notify.isSupportTemplate('downloadTemplate')
    // 2.创建拉取当前应用的行为意图
    // 2.1.创建wantInfo信息
    let wantInfo: wantAgent.WantAgentInfo = {
      wants: [
        {
          bundleName: 'com.example.myapplication',
          abilityName: 'EntryAbility',
        }
      ],
      requestCode: 0,
      operationType: wantAgent.OperationType.START_ABILITY,
      wantAgentFlags: [wantAgent.WantAgentFlags.CONSTANT_FLAG]
    }
    // 2.2.创建wantAgent实例
    this.wantAgentInstance = await wantAgent.getWantAgent(wantInfo)
  }

  build() {
    Row({ space: 10 }) {
      Image($r('app.media.ic_files_video')).width(50)
      Column({ space: 5 }) {
        Row() {
          Text(this.filename)
          Text(`${this.progressValue}%`).fontColor('#c1c2c1')
        }
        .width('100%')
        .justifyContent(FlexAlign.SpaceBetween)

        Progress({
          value: this.progressValue,
          total: this.progressMaxValue,
        })

        Row({ space: 5 }) {
          Text(`${(this.progressValue * 0.43).toFixed(2)}MB`)
            .fontSize(14).fontColor('#c1c2c1')
          Blank()
          if (this.state === DownloadState.NOT_BEGIN) {
            Button('开始').downloadButton()
              .onClick(() => this.download())

          } else if (this.state === DownloadState.DOWNLOADING) {
            Button('取消').downloadButton().backgroundColor('#d1d2d3')
              .onClick(() => this.cancel())

            Button('暂停').downloadButton()
              .onClick(() => this.pause())

          } else if (this.state === DownloadState.PAUSE) {
            Button('取消').downloadButton().backgroundColor('#d1d2d3')
              .onClick(() => this.cancel())

            Button('继续').downloadButton()
              .onClick(() => this.download())
          } else {
            Button('打开').downloadButton()
              .onClick(() => this.open())
          }
        }.width('100%')
      }
      .layoutWeight(1)
    }
    .width('100%')
    .borderRadius(20)
    .padding(15)
    .backgroundColor(Color.White)
  }


  cancel() {
    // 取消定时任务
    if(this.taskId > 0){
      clearInterval(this.taskId);
      this.taskId = -1
    }
    // 清理下载任务进度
    this.progressValue = 0
    // 标记任务状态:未开始
    this.state = DownloadState.NOT_BEGIN
    // 取消通知
    notify.cancel(this.notificationId)
  }

  download() {
    // 清理旧任务
    if(this.taskId > 0){
      clearInterval(this.taskId);
    }
    // 开启定时任务,模拟下载
    this.taskId = setInterval(() => {
      // 判断任务进度是否达到100
      if(this.progressValue >= 100){
        // 任务完成了,应该取消定时任务
        clearInterval(this.taskId)
        this.taskId = -1
        // 并且标记任务状态为已完成
        this.state = DownloadState.FINISHED
        // 发送通知
        this.publishDownloadNotification()
        return
      }
      // 模拟任务进度变更
      this.progressValue += 2
      // 发送通知
      this.publishDownloadNotification()
    }, 500)
    // 标记任务状态:下载中
    this.state = DownloadState.DOWNLOADING
  }

  pause() {
    // 取消定时任务
    if(this.taskId > 0){
      clearInterval(this.taskId);
      this.taskId = -1
    }
    // 标记任务状态:已暂停
    this.state = DownloadState.PAUSE
    // 发送通知
    this.publishDownloadNotification()
  }

  open() {
    promptAction.showToast({
      message: '功能未实现'
    })
  }

  publishDownloadNotification(){
    // 1.判断当前系统是否支持进度条模板
    if(!this.isSupport){
      // 当前系统不支持进度条模板
      return
    }
    // 2.准备进度条模板的参数
    let template = {
      name: 'downloadTemplate', // 模板名称,必须是downloadTemplate
      data: {
        progressValue: this.progressValue, // 进度条当前进度
        progressMaxValue: this.progressMaxValue // 进度条的最大值
      }
    }
    let request: notify.NotificationRequest = {
      id: this.notificationId,
      template: template,
      wantAgent: this.wantAgentInstance, // 设置通知意图
      content: {
        contentType: notify.ContentType.NOTIFICATION_CONTENT_BASIC_TEXT,
        normal: {
          title: this.filename + ':  ' + this.state,
          text: '',
          additionalText: this.progressValue + '%'
        }
      }
    }
    // 3.发送通知
    notify.publish(request)
      .then(() => console.log('test', '通知发送成功'))
      .catch(reason => console.log('test', '通知发送失败!', JSON.stringify(reason)))
  }
}

@Extend(Button) function downloadButton() {
  .width(75).height(28).fontSize(14)
}

呈现的效果如下:

【HarmonyOS】消息通知场景的实现-LMLPHP

01-20 14:05