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问题描述
我想打造为iPhone合成。据我所知，这是可以使用自定义音频单位为iPhone。乍一看，这听起来有希望的，因为有很多很多的可用音频单元编程资源。但是，使用iPhone上的自定义音频单元似乎有点棘手（参见：http://lists.apple.com/archives/Coreaudio-api/2008/Nov/msg00262.html)
I'd like to build a synthesizer for the iPhone. I understand that it's possible to use custom audio units for the iPhone. At first glance, this sounds promising, since there's lots and lots of Audio Unit programming resources available. However, using custom audio units on the iPhone seems a bit tricky ( see: http://lists.apple.com/archives/Coreaudio-api/2008/Nov/msg00262.html)
这似乎像这种东西负载的人必须做的，但一个简单的谷歌搜索iphone音频合成不沿好和易于教程的线条或推荐的工具包打开了什么。
This seems like the sort of thing that loads of people must be doing, but a simple google search for "iphone audio synthesis" doesn't turn up anything along the lines of a nice and easy tutorial or recommended tool kit.
所以，人在这里有经验合成的声音在iPhone上？是自定义音频单元要走的路，或者是有另一个更简单的方法，我应该考虑的？
So, anyone here have experience synthesizing sound on the iPhone? Are custom audio units the way to go, or is there another, simpler approach I should consider?
推荐答案
我也在调查这一点。我觉得AudioQueue API可能是要走的路。
I'm also investigating this. I think the AudioQueue API is probably the way to go.
下面就我得到的，似乎工作没关系。
Here's as far as I got, seems to work okay.
文件：BleepMachine.h
File: BleepMachine.h
//
// BleepMachine.h
// WgHeroPrototype
//
// Created by Andy Buchanan on 05/01/2010.
// Copyright 2010 Andy Buchanan. All rights reserved.
//
#include <AudioToolbox/AudioToolbox.h>
// Class to implement sound playback using the AudioQueue API's
// Currently just supports playing two sine wave tones, one per
// stereo channel. The sound data is liitle-endian signed 16-bit @ 44.1KHz
//
class BleepMachine
{
static void staticQueueCallback( void* userData, AudioQueueRef outAQ, AudioQueueBufferRef outBuffer )
{
BleepMachine* pThis = reinterpret_cast<BleepMachine*> ( userData );
pThis->queueCallback( outAQ, outBuffer );
}
void queueCallback( AudioQueueRef outAQ, AudioQueueBufferRef outBuffer );
AudioStreamBasicDescription m_outFormat;
AudioQueueRef m_outAQ;
enum
{
kBufferSizeInFrames = 512,
kNumBuffers = 4,
kSampleRate = 44100,
};
AudioQueueBufferRef m_buffers[kNumBuffers];
bool m_isInitialised;
struct Wave
{
Wave(): volume(1.f), phase(0.f), frequency(0.f), fStep(0.f) {}
float volume;
float phase;
float frequency;
float fStep;
};
enum
{
kLeftWave = 0,
kRightWave = 1,
kNumWaves,
};
Wave m_waves[kNumWaves];
public:
BleepMachine();
~BleepMachine();
bool Initialise();
void Shutdown();
bool Start();
bool Stop();
bool SetWave( int id, float frequency, float volume );
};
// Notes by name. Integer value is number of semitones above A.
enum Note
{
A = 0,
Asharp,
B,
C,
Csharp,
D,
Dsharp,
E,
F,
Fsharp,
G,
Gsharp,
Bflat = Asharp,
Dflat = Csharp,
Eflat = Dsharp,
Gflat = Fsharp,
Aflat = Gsharp,
};
// Helper function calculates fundamental frequency for a given note
float CalculateFrequencyFromNote( SInt32 semiTones, SInt32 octave=4 );
float CalculateFrequencyFromMIDINote( SInt32 midiNoteNumber );
文件：BleepMachine.mm
File:BleepMachine.mm
//
// BleepMachine.mm
// WgHeroPrototype
//
// Created by Andy Buchanan on 05/01/2010.
// Copyright 2010 Andy Buchanan. All rights reserved.
//
#include "BleepMachine.h"
void BleepMachine::queueCallback( AudioQueueRef outAQ, AudioQueueBufferRef outBuffer )
{
// Render the wave
// AudioQueueBufferRef is considered "opaque", but it's a reference to
// an AudioQueueBuffer which is not.
// All the samples manipulate this, so I'm not quite sure what they mean by opaque
// saying....
SInt16* coreAudioBuffer = (SInt16*)outBuffer->mAudioData;
// Specify how many bytes we're providing
outBuffer->mAudioDataByteSize = kBufferSizeInFrames * m_outFormat.mBytesPerFrame;
// Generate the sine waves to Signed 16-Bit Stero interleaved ( Little Endian )
float volumeL = m_waves[kLeftWave].volume;
float volumeR = m_waves[kRightWave].volume;
float phaseL = m_waves[kLeftWave].phase;
float phaseR = m_waves[kRightWave].phase;
float fStepL = m_waves[kLeftWave].fStep;
float fStepR = m_waves[kRightWave].fStep;
for( int s=0; s<kBufferSizeInFrames*2; s+=2 )
{
float sampleL = ( volumeL * sinf( phaseL ) );
float sampleR = ( volumeR * sinf( phaseR ) );
short sampleIL = (int)(sampleL * 32767.0);
short sampleIR = (int)(sampleR * 32767.0);
coreAudioBuffer[s] = sampleIL;
coreAudioBuffer[s+1] = sampleIR;
phaseL += fStepL;
phaseR += fStepR;
}
m_waves[kLeftWave].phase = fmodf( phaseL, 2 * M_PI ); // Take modulus to preserve precision
m_waves[kRightWave].phase = fmodf( phaseR, 2 * M_PI );
// Enqueue the buffer
AudioQueueEnqueueBuffer( m_outAQ, outBuffer, 0, NULL );
}
bool BleepMachine::SetWave( int id, float frequency, float volume )
{
if ( ( id < kLeftWave ) || ( id >= kNumWaves ) ) return false;
Wave& wave = m_waves[ id ];
wave.volume = volume;
wave.frequency = frequency;
wave.fStep = 2 * M_PI * frequency / kSampleRate;
return true;
}
bool BleepMachine::Initialise()
{
m_outFormat.mSampleRate = kSampleRate;
m_outFormat.mFormatID = kAudioFormatLinearPCM;
m_outFormat.mFormatFlags = kAudioFormatFlagIsSignedInteger | kAudioFormatFlagIsPacked;
m_outFormat.mFramesPerPacket = 1;
m_outFormat.mChannelsPerFrame = 2;
m_outFormat.mBytesPerPacket = m_outFormat.mBytesPerFrame = sizeof(UInt16) * 2;
m_outFormat.mBitsPerChannel = 16;
m_outFormat.mReserved = 0;
OSStatus result = AudioQueueNewOutput(
&m_outFormat,
BleepMachine::staticQueueCallback,
this,
NULL,
NULL,
0,
&m_outAQ
);
if ( result < 0 )
{
printf( "ERROR: %d\n", (int)result );
return false;
}
// Allocate buffers for the audio
UInt32 bufferSizeBytes = kBufferSizeInFrames * m_outFormat.mBytesPerFrame;
for ( int buf=0; buf<kNumBuffers; buf++ )
{
OSStatus result = AudioQueueAllocateBuffer( m_outAQ, bufferSizeBytes, &m_buffers[ buf ] );
if ( result )
{
printf( "ERROR: %d\n", (int)result );
return false;
}
// Prime the buffers
queueCallback( m_outAQ, m_buffers[ buf ] );
}
m_isInitialised = true;
return true;
}
void BleepMachine::Shutdown()
{
Stop();
if ( m_outAQ )
{
// AudioQueueDispose also chucks any audio buffers it has
AudioQueueDispose( m_outAQ, true );
}
m_isInitialised = false;
}
BleepMachine::BleepMachine()
: m_isInitialised(false), m_outAQ(0)
{
for ( int buf=0; buf<kNumBuffers; buf++ )
{
m_buffers[ buf ] = NULL;
}
}
BleepMachine::~BleepMachine()
{
Shutdown();
}
bool BleepMachine::Start()
{
OSStatus result = AudioQueueSetParameter( m_outAQ, kAudioQueueParam_Volume, 1.0 );
if ( result ) printf( "ERROR: %d\n", (int)result );
// Start the queue
result = AudioQueueStart( m_outAQ, NULL );
if ( result ) printf( "ERROR: %d\n", (int)result );
return true;
}
bool BleepMachine::Stop()
{
OSStatus result = AudioQueueStop( m_outAQ, true );
if ( result ) printf( "ERROR: %d\n", (int)result );
return true;
}
// A (A4=440)
// A# f(n)=2^(n/12) * r
// B where n = number of semitones
// C and r is the root frequency e.g. 440
// C#
// D frq -> MIDI note number
// D# p = 69 + 12 x log2(f/440)
// E
// F
// F#
// G
// G#
//
// MIDI Note ref: http://www.phys.unsw.edu.au/jw/notes.html
//
// MIDI Node numbers:
// A3 57
// A#3 58
// B3 59
// C4 60 <--
// C#4 61
// D4 62
// D#4 63
// E4 64
// F4 65
// F#4 66
// G4 67
// G#4 68
// A4 69 <--
// A#4 70
// B4 71
// C5 72
float CalculateFrequencyFromNote( SInt32 semiTones, SInt32 octave )
{
semiTones += ( 12 * (octave-4) );
float root = 440.f;
float fn = powf( 2.f, (float)semiTones/12.f ) * root;
return fn;
}
float CalculateFrequencyFromMIDINote( SInt32 midiNoteNumber )
{
SInt32 semiTones = midiNoteNumber - 69;
return CalculateFrequencyFromNote( semiTones, 4 );
}
//for ( SInt32 midiNote=21; midiNote<=108; ++midiNote )
//{
// printf( "MIDI Note %d: %f Hz \n",(int)midiNote,CalculateFrequencyFromMIDINote( midiNote ) );
//}
更新：基本使用信息
-
初始化。 Somehere附近开始，我用initFromNib：在我的code
Initialise. Somehere near the start, I'm using initFromNib: in my code
m_bleepMachine = new BleepMachine;
m_bleepMachine->Initialise();
m_bleepMachine->Start();
现在的声音播放效果运行，但产生的沉默。
Now the sound playback is running, but generating silence.
在您的code，当你想改变音色代称这种
In your code, call this when you want to change the tone generation
m_bleepMachine->SetWave( ch, frq, vol );
- 其中通道是通道（0或1）
- 其中FRQ是Hz到设定频率
- 其中第一卷为音量（0 = -Inf分贝，1 = -0db）
在程序终止
delete m_bleepMachine;
这篇关于从哪里开始对iPhone音频合成的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持！