springboot学习笔记（四）

springboot配置文件及yml的使用

1.配置文件

作用：springboot自动配置是基于约定的，可以使用配置文件对默认的配置或约定进行修改

默认的全局配置文件：

①application.properties ：

写法：k=v

示例：

server.port = 8880

②application.yml ：yml不是一个标记文档

写法：k:空格v

示例：

server:

       port: 8880

       path: a\b\c

yml里面默认可以不写引号，“”（双引号）会将其中的转义符转义，其他不转义

xml是一个标记文档：

<server>

       <port>8080</port>  

       <path>a\b\c</path>

</server>

2.yml的使用

①创建一个student类（Student.class）

package com.example.bean;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component //将javabean放入spring容器内
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "student")//spring-boot 提供@ConfigurationProperties注解将配置文件的值映射到类上使用
public class Student {
	private String name;
	private int age;
	private boolean sex;
	private Date birthday;
	private Map<String,Object> location;
	private String[] habbies;
	private List<String> skills;
	private Pet pet;
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
	public boolean isSex() {
		return sex;
	}
	public void setSex(boolean sex) {
		this.sex = sex;
	}
	public Date getBirthday() {
		return birthday;
	}
	public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
		this.birthday = birthday;
	}
	public Map<String, Object> getLocation() {
		return location;
	}
	public void setLocation(Map<String, Object> location) {
		this.location = location;
	}
	public String[] getHabbies() {
		return habbies;
	}
	public void setHabbies(String[] habbies) {
		this.habbies = habbies;
	}
	public List<String> getSkills() {
		return skills;
	}
	public void setSkills(List<String> skills) {
		this.skills = skills;
	}
	public Pet getPet() {
		return pet;
	}
	public void setPet(Pet pet) {
		this.pet = pet;
	}
	public Student(String name, int age, boolean sex, Date birthday, Map<String, Object> location, String[] habbies,
			List<String> skills, Pet pet) {
		super();
		this.name = name;
		this.age = age;
		this.sex = sex;
		this.birthday = birthday;
		this.location = location;
		this.habbies = habbies;
		this.skills = skills;
		this.pet = pet;
	}
	public Student() {
		super();
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Student [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", sex=" + sex + ", birthday=" + birthday + ", habbies="
				+ Arrays.toString(habbies) + ", skills=" + skills + ", pet=" + pet + "]";
	}


}

 ②创建Pet类（Pet.class）

package com.example.bean;

public class Pet {
	private String nickname;
	private String strain;
	public String getNickname() {
		return nickname;
	}
	public void setNickname(String nickname) {
		this.nickname = nickname;
	}
	public String getStrain() {
		return strain;
	}
	public void setStrain(String strain) {
		this.strain = strain;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Pet [nickname=" + nickname + ", strain=" + strain + "]";
	}
	public Pet(String nickname, String strain) {
		super();
		this.nickname = nickname;
		this.strain = strain;
	}
	public Pet() {
		super();
	}



}

 ③编写yml文件（application.yml）

student:
  #简单类型
  name: djk
  age: 20
  sex: true
  birthday: 2000/07/15

  #map类型：
  location:
    #写法2：
    province: sd
    city: wf
    zone: sg
    #写法1：{province: sd,city: wf,zone: sg} 行内写法

  #数组类型：
  habbies:
    [篮球,兵乓球,书法] #行内写法
    #- 篮球
    #- 兵乓球
    #- 书法

  #集合类型：
  skills:
    [计算机,编程,springboot] #行内写法
    #- 计算机
    #- 编程
    #- springboot

  #类 类型
  Pet:
    #写法2
    {nickname: xiaobai,strain: jiwawa}
    #写法1
    #nickname: xiaobai
    #strain: jiwawa 

④测试 

package com.example.SpringbootDemo;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

import com.example.bean.Student;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
@EnableConfigurationProperties(Student.class)//3.通过@Autowired标签即可访问到该对象，不过在使用之前必须在使用类上面增加注解@EnableConfigurationProperties
public class SpringbootDemoApplicationTests {

	@Autowired
	Student student;
	@Test
	public void contextLoads() {
		System.out.println(student);
	}

}

注解

1. @EnableConfigurationProperties(Student.class)

        通过@Autowired标签即可访问到该对象，不过在使用之前必须在使用类上面增加注解@EnableConfigurationProperties 

2. @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "student")

         spring-boot 提供@ConfigurationProperties注解将配置文件的值映射到类上使用