作者：Zhang_Xiang
原文地址：.NET Core + Ocelot + IdentityServer4 + Consul 基础架构实现
先决条件
- 关于 Ocelot
- 针对使用 .NET 开发微服务架构或者面向服务架构提供一个统一访问系统的组件。 参考
- 本文将使用 Ocelot 构建统一入口的 Gateway。
- 关于 IdentityServer4
- IdentityServer4 是一个 OpenID Connect 和 OAuth 2.0 框架用于 ASP.NET Core 。IdentityServer4 在你的应用程序中集成了基于令牌认证、单点登录、API访问控制所需的所有协议和扩展点。参考
- 本文将使用 IdentityServer4 搭建独立认证服务器。
- 关于 Consul
- Consul 是一个服务网格解决方案，通过服务发现、配置、功能分割提供一个全功能的控制层。这些功能可以单独使用，也可以同时使用以形成一个完整的网格服务。参考
- 本文将使用 Consul 注册多个服务。
- 关于 .Net Core
- 将使用 WebApi 构建多个服务
构建 IdentityServer 服务
1.添加 ASP.Net Core Web 项目
2.添加空项目
3.在程序包管理控制台中输入：Install-Package IdentityServer4.AspNetIdentity
4.添加 Config.cs 文件，并添加内容如下：
using IdentityServer4.Models;
using IdentityServer4.Test;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace IdentityServer
{
public sealed class Config
{
public static IEnumerable<ApiResource> GetApiResources()
{
return new List<ApiResource>
{
new ApiResource("ServiceA", "ServiceA API"),
new ApiResource("ServiceB", "ServiceB API")
};
} public static IEnumerable<Client> GetClients()
{
return new List<Client>
{
new Client
{
ClientId = "ServiceAClient",
AllowedGrantTypes = GrantTypes.ResourceOwnerPassword,
ClientSecrets =
{
new Secret("ServiceAClient".Sha256())
},
AllowedScopes = new List<string> {"ServiceA"},
AccessTokenLifetime = * *
},
new Client
{
ClientId = "ServiceBClient",
AllowedGrantTypes = GrantTypes.ResourceOwnerPassword,
ClientSecrets =
{
new Secret("ServiceBClient".Sha256())
},
AllowedScopes = new List<string> {"ServiceB"},
AccessTokenLifetime = * *
}
};
} public static List<TestUser> GetUsers()
{
return new List<TestUser>
{
new TestUser
{
Username = "test",
Password = "",
SubjectId = ""
}
};
} public static IEnumerable<IdentityResource> GetIdentityResources()
{
return new List<IdentityResource>();
}
}
}
注意：这里添加了两个 Client ，分别为 ServiceA、ServiceB ，因此接下来将构建这两个服务。
5.修改Startup文件
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection; namespace IdentityServer
{
public class Startup
{
// This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
// For more information on how to configure your application, visit https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=398940
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_2);
services.AddIdentityServer()
.AddDeveloperSigningCredential()
.AddInMemoryIdentityResources(Config.GetIdentityResources())
.AddInMemoryApiResources(Config.GetApiResources())
.AddInMemoryClients(Config.GetClients())
.AddTestUsers(Config.GetUsers());
} // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
{
if (env.IsDevelopment())
{
app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
} app.UseIdentityServer(); app.Run(async (context) =>
{
await context.Response.WriteAsync("Hello World!");
});
}
}
}
注意：AddDeveloperSigningCredential() 方法用于添加开发时使用的 Key material ，生产环境中不要使用该方法。在 .NET Core 2.2 中新建的 Web 项目文件 csproj 中包含了如下内容：
<PropertyGroup>
<TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.2</TargetFramework>
<AspNetCoreHostingModel>InProcess</AspNetCoreHostingModel>
</PropertyGroup>
这里更改
<AspNetCoreHostingModel>InProcess</AspNetCoreHostingModel>
为或直接删除该行，这么做的原因是当值为 InProcess 时，读写 tempkey.rsa 将产生权限问题。关于 AspNetCoreHostingModel 可参考 ASP.NET Core Module 。
<AspNetCoreHostingModel>OutOfProcess</AspNetCoreHostingModel>
6.F5 启动该服务，显示如下：
在浏览器中输入 http://localhost:port/.well-known/openid-configuration ，得到以下内容
至此，一个包含两个服务认证的认证服务搭建完毕。
构建 ServiceA、ServiceB
1.添加 ASP.Net Core Web 项目，这里以 ServiceA 为例进行构建
2.添加 ASP.Net Core API
3.在程序包管理控制台中运行
Install-Package IdentityModel
4.在 StartUp.cs 中添加内容如下：
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Options; namespace ServiceA
{
public class Startup
{
public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
{
Configuration = configuration;
} public IConfiguration Configuration { get; } // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_2);
services.AddAuthentication("Bearer")
.AddJwtBearer("Bearer", options =>
{
options.Authority = "http://localhost:3518";
options.RequireHttpsMetadata = false;
options.Audience = "ServiceA";
});
} // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
{
if (env.IsDevelopment())
{
app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
}
app.UseAuthentication();
app.UseMvc();
}
}
}
5.添加 SessionController 用于用户登录，内容如下：
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using IdentityModel.Client;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc; namespace ServiceA.Controllers
{
[Route("api/[controller]")]
[ApiController]
public class SessionController : ControllerBase
{
public async Task<string> Login(UserRequestModel userRequestModel)
{
var client = new HttpClient();
DiscoveryResponse disco = await client.GetDiscoveryDocumentAsync("http://localhost:3518");
if (disco.IsError)
{
return "认证服务未启动";
}
TokenResponse tokenResponse = await client.RequestPasswordTokenAsync(new PasswordTokenRequest
{
Address = disco.TokenEndpoint,
ClientId = "ServiceAClient",
ClientSecret = "ServiceAClient",
UserName = userRequestModel.Name,
Password = userRequestModel.Password
});
return tokenResponse.IsError ? tokenResponse.Error : tokenResponse.AccessToken;
}
}
public class UserRequestModel
{
[Required(ErrorMessage = "用户名称不可以为空")]
public string Name { get; set; } [Required(ErrorMessage = "用户密码不可以为空")]
public string Password { get; set; }
}
}
使用clientFactory.CreateClient()参考官方文档：https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/aspnet/core/fundamentals/http-requests?view=aspnetcore-2.2
6.添加 HealthController 用于 Consul 进行服务健康检查，内容如下：
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc; namespace ServiceA.Controllers
{
[Route("api/[controller]")]
[ApiController]
public class HealthController : ControllerBase
{
/// <summary>
/// 健康检查
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public IActionResult Get()
{
return Ok();
}
}
}
7.更改 ValuesController.cs 内容如下：
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc; namespace ServiceA.Controllers
{
[Authorize] //添加 Authorize Attribute 以使该控制器启用认证
[Route("api/[controller]")]
[ApiController]
public class ValuesController : ControllerBase
{
[HttpGet]
public ActionResult<IEnumerable<string>> Get()
{
return new string[] { "value1", "value2" };
}
}
}
注意，以上基本完成了 ServiceA 的服务构建，但在实际应用中应做一些修改，例如：IdentityServer 地址应在 appsettings.json 中进行配置，不应把地址分散于项目中各处；认证服务启用最好在全局启用，以防止漏写等等。ServiceB 的内容与 ServiceA 大致相似，因此文章中将不再展示 ServiceB 的构建过程。
Gateway 构建
1.添加ASP.Net Web
2.添加空项目
3.打开程序包管理器控制台输入命令：
csharp install-package Ocelot //添加 Ocelot
csharp install-package Ocelot.Provider.Consul // 添加 Consul 服务发现
4.添加 ocelot.json 文件，内容如下
{
"ReRoutes": [
{
"DownstreamPathTemplate": "/api/{everything}",
"DownstreamScheme": "http",
"UpstreamPathTemplate": "/ServiceA/{everything}",
"UpstreamHttpMethod": [ "GET", "POST", "DELETE", "PUT" ],
"ServiceName": "ServiceA", //consul 服务中 ServiceA 的名称
"LoadBalancerOptions": {
"Type": "LeastConnection"
}
},
{
"DownstreamPathTemplate": "/api/{everything}",
"DownstreamScheme": "http",
"UpstreamPathTemplate": "/ServiceB/{everything}",
"UpstreamHttpMethod": [ "GET", "POST", "DELETE", "PUT" ],
"ServiceName": "ServiceB", //consul 服务中 ServiceB 的名称
"LoadBalancerOptions": {
"Type": "LeastConnection"
}
}
],
"GlobalConfiguration": {
"ServiceDiscoveryProvider": { // Consul 服务发现配置
"Host": "localhost", // Consul 地址
"Port": 8500,
"Type": "Consul"
}
}
}5.删除 StartUp.cs 文件，在 Program.cs 文件中添加如下内容
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using Ocelot.DependencyInjection;
using Ocelot.Middleware;
using Ocelot.Provider.Consul; namespace ApiGateway
{
public class Program
{
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
CreateWebHostBuilder(args).Build().Run();
} public static IWebHostBuilder CreateWebHostBuilder(string[] args) =>
WebHost.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
.ConfigureAppConfiguration((context, builder) =>
{
builder.SetBasePath(context.HostingEnvironment.ContentRootPath);
builder.AddJsonFile("appsettings.json", true, true);
builder.AddJsonFile($"appsettings.{context.HostingEnvironment.EnvironmentName}.json", true, true);
builder.AddJsonFile("ocelot.json");
builder.AddEnvironmentVariables();
})
.ConfigureServices(services =>
{
services.AddOcelot().AddConsul();
})
.ConfigureLogging((hostingContext, logging) =>
{
//add your logging
})
.Configure(app =>
{
app.UseOcelot().Wait();
});
}
}
注意：打开 ApiGateway.csproj 文件，更改
<PropertyGroup>
<TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.2</TargetFramework>
<AspNetCoreHostingModel>InProcess</AspNetCoreHostingModel>
</PropertyGroup>
为
<PropertyGroup>
<TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.2</TargetFramework>
<AspNetCoreHostingModel>OutOfProcess</AspNetCoreHostingModel>
</PropertyGroup>
至此，一个基础网关基本构建完成。
构建 Consul 服务
使用 Chocoletey 安装 Consul，
choco install consul
***我是从官网直接下载的。
2.新建conf文件夹以保存 Consul 服务配置
3.在conf文件夹中添加配置文件，内容如下:
{
"services": [{
"ID": "ServiceA",
"Name": "ServiceA",
"Tags": [
"ServiceAWebApi", "Api"
],
"Address": "127.0.0.1",
"Port": 8010,
"Check": {
"HTTP": "http://127.0.0.1:8010/Api/health",
"Interval": "10s"
}
}, {
"id": "ServiceB",
"name": "ServiceB",
"tags": [
"ServiceBWebApi","Api"
],
"Address": "127.0.0.1",
"Port": 8011,
"Check": [{
"HTTP": "http://127.0.0.1:8011/Api/health",
"Interval": "10s"
}
]
}
]
}4.启动 consul 服务
consul agent -dev -config-dir=./conf
启动后在浏览器中输入 http://localhost:8500/ui/ 以查看Consul服务
Postman 验证
F5 启动 Gateway 项目，启动 Postman 发送请求到 ServiceA 获取 Token。
2.使用 Token 请求 ServiceA Values 接口
3.当尝试使用 ServiceA 获取到的 Token 去获取 ServiceB 的数据时，请求也如意料之中返回 401
总结
至此，一个由 .NET Core、IdentityServer4、Ocelot、Consul实现的基础架构搭建完毕。源码地址