参考网上资料并将异常问题解决，经测试可正常安装集群。
1.我的环境准备
本人使用vmware pro 17新建三个centos7虚拟机，每个2cpu，20+GB磁盘存储，内存2GB+，其中主节点的内存3GB，可使用外网.
2.所有节点安装Docker
#查看系统是否已安装docker
rpm -qa|grep docker
#卸载旧版本docker
sudo yum remove docker*
#安装yum工具
sudo yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
#配置docker的yum下载地址
sudo yum-config-manager \
--add-repo \
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
#生成缓存
sudo yum makecache
#查看docker版本
yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r
#安装docker的指定版本
sudo yum install -y docker-ce-19.03.9-3.el7 docker-ce-cli-19.03.9-3.el7 containerd.io
#配置开机启动且立即启动docker容器
systemctl enable docker --now
#创建docker配置
sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
#配置docker的镜像加速
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-EOF
{
"registry-mirrors": ["http://hub-mirror.c.163.com"],
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
"log-driver": "json-file",
"log-opts": {
"max-size": "100m"
},
"storage-driver": "overlay2"
}
EOF
#加载配置
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
#重启docker
sudo systemctl restart docker
##查看docker版本，看是否安装成功
[root@localhost ~]# docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
Version: 19.03.9
API version: 1.40
Go version: go1.13.10
Git commit: 9d988398e7
Built: Fri May 15 00:25:27 2020
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
ps：这个镜像地址（http://hub-mirror.c.163.com）真的非常好用，下载镜像非常快！！！
3.安装kubernetes
3.1 所有机器配置自己的hostname（不能是localhost）
我的集群192.168.209.132配置为master，192.168.209.133为node1，192.168.209.134为node2。
hostnamectl set-hostname master #在192.168.209.132执行
hostnamectl set-hostname node1 #在192.168.209.133执行
hostnamectl set-hostname node2 #在192.168.209.134执行
3.2 所有机器必须关闭swap分区，不为0则说明没有关闭；禁用selinux；允许 iptables 检查桥接流量（k8s官网）。
##关闭swap分区
swapoff -a
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab
## 把SELinux 设置为 permissive 模式（相当于禁用）
sudo setenforce 0
sudo sed -i 's/^SELINUX=enforcing$/SELINUX=permissive/' /etc/selinux/config
## 允许 iptables 检查桥接流量
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/k8s.conf
br_netfilter
EOF
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sudo sysctl --system
3.3 所有机器关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl disable firewalld.service
4. 安装kubelet、kubeadm、kubectl
4.1 所有机器配置k8s的yum源地址及安装并启动kubelet。
#配置k8s的yum源地址
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
#安装 kubelet，kubeadm，kubectl
sudo yum install -y kubelet-1.20.9 kubeadm-1.20.9 kubectl-1.20.9
#启动kubelet
sudo systemctl enable --now kubelet
#所有机器配置master域名
echo "192.168.209.132 master" >> /etc/hosts
4.2 初始化master主节点
我这里是把192.168.209.132作为master，–apiserver-advertise-address值为master的IP、–control-plane-endpoint值为master的域名、–image-repository 值为镜像仓库、–kubernetes-version指定k8s的版本、–service-cidr指定service的网段、–pod-network-cidr指定pod的网段。
注意：pod-network-cidr指定的网段不要和master在同一个网段
kubeadm init \--apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.209.132 \--control-plane-endpoint=master \
--image-repository registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lfy_k8s_images \
--kubernetes-version v1.20.9 \--service-cidr=10.96.0.0/16 \--pod-network-cidr=192.169.0.0/16
初始化完毕后，需要记录如下信息，后续会使用到。
Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!
To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:
export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
You can now join any number of control-plane nodes by copying certificate authorities
and service account keys on each node and then running the following as root:
kubeadm join master:6443 --token qvwpva.w2tzw5bgwvswloho \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:31e38d3227593fa4e5de5fb7e6a868cf927a0936c221d20efbe638daf8827ecd \
--control-plane
Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
#后续会用到此部分，工作节点加入主节点成为集群
kubeadm join master:6443 --token qvwpva.w2tzw5bgwvswloho \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:31e38d3227593fa4e5de5fb7e6a868cf927a0936c221d20efbe638daf8827ecd
4.3 为执行kubectl
目前仅在在master节点执行
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
echo "export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf" >> ~/.bash_profile
source ~/.bash_profile
4.4 安装网络插件
4.4.1 更改kube-proxy的模式为ipvs
##更改kube-proxy的模式为ipvs
[root@master ~]# kubectl edit configMap kube-proxy -n kube-system
ipvs:
......
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
metricsBindAddress: ""
mode: "ipvs" #设置为ipvs，不设置默认使用iptables
##重启所有的kube-proxy
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod -A | grep kube-proxy | awk '{system("kubectl delete pod "$2" -n kube-system")}'
pod "kube-proxy-689h8" deleted
##查看k8s主节点运行情况
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod -A
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
kube-system coredns-5897cd56c4-56mmj 0/1 Pending 0 8m38s
kube-system coredns-5897cd56c4-mgfmh 0/1 Pending 0 8m38s
kube-system etcd-master 1/1 Running 0 8m51s
kube-system kube-apiserver-master 1/1 Running 0 8m51s
kube-system kube-controller-manager-master 1/1 Running 0 8m51s
kube-system kube-proxy-l6946 1/1 Running 0 8m38s
kube-system kube-scheduler-master 1/1 Running 0 8m51s
##查看proxy是否以ipvs模式运行，发现已经换成了IPv4
[root@master ~]# kubectl logs kube-proxy-l6946 -n kube-system
......
I0623 09:03:38.347008 1 server_others.go:258] Using ipvs Proxier.
4.4.2 安装网络插件
4.4.2.1 下载calico.yaml
[root@master ~]# curl https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.20/manifests/calico.yaml -O >> calico.yaml
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 198k 100 198k 0 0 229k 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 229k
[root@master ~]#
4.4.2.2 查看部署calico.yaml需要的镜像，先进行下载
# 先登录docker
docker login
#查看需要的镜像
grep image calico.yaml
image: docker.io/calico/cni:v3.20.6
image: docker.io/calico/cni:v3.20.6
image: docker.io/calico/pod2daemon-flexvol:v3.20.6
image: docker.io/calico/node:v3.20.6
image: docker.io/calico/kube-controllers:v3.20.6
#全部下载到本地（特别慢就换docker镜像源地址，我之前配的就是换的，特别快，见本文上面部分）
docker pull docker.io/calico/cni:v3.20.6
docker pull docker.io/calico/pod2daemon-flexvol:v3.20.6
docker pull docker.io/calico/node:v3.20.6
docker pull docker.io/calico/kube-controllers:v3.20.6
4.4.2.3 部署
[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f calico.yaml #卸载则使用kubectl delete -f calico.yaml
configmap/calico-config unchanged
......
[root@master ~]#
# 查看部署成功
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod -A
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
kube-system calico-kube-controllers-6d9cdcd744-49vrr 1/1 Running 0 12m
kube-system calico-node-8gpm2 1/1 Running 0 13m
kube-system coredns-5897cd56c4-56mmj 1/1 Running 0 28m
kube-system coredns-5897cd56c4-mgfmh 1/1 Running 0 28m
kube-system etcd-master 1/1 Running 0 28m
kube-system kube-apiserver-master 1/1 Running 0 28m
kube-system kube-controller-manager-master 1/1 Running 0 28m
kube-system kube-proxy-l6946 1/1 Running 0 119s
kube-system kube-scheduler-master 1/1 Running 0 28m
5.node两个工作节点加入master节点（每个都要执行）
5.1 还记得4.4步骤，初始化master节点后的信息吗？work加入master节点的命令如下，需要切换到非master节点的机器上执行。
kubeadm join master:6443 --token qvwpva.w2tzw5bgwvswloho \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:31e38d3227593fa4e5de5fb7e6a868cf927a0936c221d20efbe638daf8827ecd
5.2 将主节点的/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf配置在工作节点也生成一份然后保存
vi /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
echo "export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf" >> ~/.bash_profile
source ~/.bash_profile
6.各节点查看kubectl get nodes都是ready
7.安装Ingress Controller
7.1 下载yaml文件
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/nginx-0.30.0/deploy/static/mandatory.yaml -O ./ingress-nginx.yaml
7.2 修改yaml配置文件
$ grep -n5 nodeSelector ingress-nginx.yaml
replicas: 2 #设置副本数，host模式不会被调度到同一个node
spec:
hostNetwork: true #添加为host模式
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 300
serviceAccountName: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
nodeSelector:
ingress: "true" #替换此处，来决定将ingress部署在哪些机器
containers:
- name: nginx-ingress-controller
image: quay.io/kubernetes-ingress-controller/nginx-ingress-controller:0.30.0
args:
7.3 为安装ingress的node节点添加label
kubectl label node master ingress=true
kubectl label node node1 ingress=true
kubectl label node node2 ingress=true
7.4 创建ingress-controller
kubectl apply -f ingress-nginx.yaml
PS：若有报错则如下，我是把报错有关的标签去掉了，然后重新执行就成功了
Warning FailedScheduling 38s (x7 over 6m4s) default-scheduler 0/3 nodes are available: 1 node(s) had taint {node-role.kubernetes.io/master: }, that the pod didn't tolerate, 2 node(s) didn't have free ports for the requested pod ports.
[root@master k8s-app]# kubectl get nodes --show-labels -l "ingress=true"
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION LABELS
master Ready control-plane,master 94m v1.20.9 beta.kubernetes.io/arch=amd64,beta.kubernetes.io/os=linux,ingress=true,kubernetes.io/arch=amd64,kubernetes.io/hostname=master,kubernetes.io/os=linux,node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane=,node-role.kubernetes.io/master=
node1 Ready <none> 89m v1.20.9 beta.kubernetes.io/arch=amd64,beta.kubernetes.io/os=linux,ingress=true,kubernetes.io/arch=amd64,kubernetes.io/hostname=node1,kubernetes.io/os=linux
node2 Ready <none> 89m v1.20.9 beta.kubernetes.io/arch=amd64,beta.kubernetes.io/os=linux,ingress=true,kubernetes.io/arch=amd64,kubernetes.io/hostname=node2,kubernetes.io/os=linux
[root@master k8s-app]# kubectl taint nodes --all node-role.kubernetes.io/master-
node/master untainted
taint "node-role.kubernetes.io/master" not found
taint "node-role.kubernetes.io/master" not found
# 去掉标签
[root@master k8s-app]# kubectl label nodes master node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane-
node/master labeled
[root@master k8s-app]# kubectl label nodes master node-role.kubernetes.io/master-ls
8.部署成功
[root@master istio]# kubectl version
Client Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"20", GitVersion:"v1.20.9", GitCommit:"7a576bc3935a6b555e33346fd73ad77c925e9e4a", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2021-07-15T21:01:38Z", GoVersion:"go1.15.14", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}
Server Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"20", GitVersion:"v1.20.9", GitCommit:"7a576bc3935a6b555e33346fd73ad77c925e9e4a", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2021-07-15T20:56:38Z", GoVersion:"go1.15.14", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}
[root@master istio]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
master Ready <none> 25h v1.20.9
node1 Ready <none> 25h v1.20.9
node2 Ready <none> 25h v1.20.9
我们就拥有了k8s集群！