开始spring应用

创建app项目

创建java application项目,设目录结构:

+ lib/
+ src/
    - animal.xml
    - Animal.java
    - Main.java

添加库

先从官网下载spring库:https://repo.spring.io/release/org/springframework/spring/

使用ide添加(add as library)以下几个常用到的spring库(aop、aspects是使用切面时需要的):

  • core
  • context
  • beans
  • expression
  • aop
  • aspects

由于spring需要common logging库,官网下载:http://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-logging/download_logging.cgi

添加到ide中:

  • common logging

代码

添加java类,作为bean。

// src/Animal.java
public class Aniaml {
    private String name;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void say(){
        System.out.println("My name is : " + name);
    }
}

添加xml文件,配置bean。

<!--src/animal.xml-->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">

    <bean id="tom" class="Animal">
        <property name="name" value="Tom"/>
    </bean>

</beans>

添加java类,作为主类,从xml配置文件中,获取bean。

// src/Main.java
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args){
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("animal.xml");
        Animal animal = (Animal) context.getBean("tom");
        animal.say();
    }
}

运行主类。


开始spring网页

创建web项目

New Project -> Java Enterprise -> Web Application

目录结构:

+ lib/
+ src/
    + main/
        + java/
            + com/
                + yww/
                    - HomeController.java
+ web/
    + WEB-INF/
        + jsp/
            - home.jsp
        - applicationContext.xml
        - dispatcher-servlet.xml
        - web.xml
    - index.jsp

添加库

添加库到lib文件夹:

  • common logging
  • core
  • context
  • beans
  • expression
  • aop
  • aspects
  • web
  • webmvc

选取所有库,右键add as library

配置

  • 设置代码路径:File -> Project Structure -> Modules -> 右键选中项目路径src/main/java/,选择Sources。

  • 配置输出:File -> Project Structure -> Artifacts -> + -> Web Application:Exploded -> From Modules...

  • 修复问题(打包时添加lib):File -> Project Structure -> Problems -> Fix,就会自动添加修复。

  • 为了直接在idea中运行调试,配置idea的tomcat:Run -> Edit Configurations... -> + -> Tomcat Server -> local -> Application server的Configure... -> Tomcat_Home选择自己下载的Tomcat的目录。

  • web.xml<url-pattern>*.form</url-pattern>改为<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>,否则只会拦截*.form结尾的请求。

如果需要部署到自己的tomcat服务器上,需要配置打包为war的配置。

  • 打包war配置:File -> Project Structure -> Artifacts -> + -> Web Application:Archive -> From 'xxx',从之前的Exploded打包成war。
  • 打包war:Build -> Build Artifacts... -> xxx archive -> build。

代码

tomcat会读取web.xml进行配置,其中包含了spring的DispatcherServlet路径处理的servlet。

<!-- web/WEB-INF/web.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
<!--        <url-pattern>*.form</url-pattern>-->
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

配置,开启组件扫描,配置view视图解析器解析的前后缀。

<!-- web/WEB-INF/dispatcher-servlet.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.yww"/>

    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

</beans>

applicationContext.xml未作任何配置。

控制器,设置请求的路径映射,返回渲染的视图名称的字符串,spring会自动使用上面的xml配置指定的后缀.jsp添加后,寻找符合的jsp文件(如此处的home.jsp)。

// src/main/java/com/yww/HomeController.java
package com.yww;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/home")
public class HomeController {
    @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String printHome(ModelMap model){
        model.addAttribute("msg", "this is a page!");

        return "home";
    }
}

渲染视图,通过控制器返回的字符串查找匹配的视图。

<!-- web/WEB-INF/jsp/home.jsp -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>${msg}<h1>
</body>
</html>

运行

配置了idea中的tomcat配置,即可直接点击运行按钮运行,在浏览器中输入:http://localhost:8080/ 或者 http://localhost:8080/home ,即可查看。

或配置了打包war,先将war放在tomcat目录/webapps/下,再手动运行tomcat目录/bin/startup.sh启动tomcat,tomcat会自动部署该web应用,最后打开浏览器输入:http://localhost:8080/ 。


Maven快速开始

创建maven的spring项目

下载Maven,使用命令创建webapp:

mvn archetype:generate -DarchetypeArtactId="maven-archetype-webapp" -DarchetypeGroupId="org.apache.maven.archetypes" -DarchetypeVersion="1.4"

目录结构:

+ src/
    + main/
        + java/
            + com/
                + yww/
                    - HomeController.java
                    - Animal.java
        + resources/
        + webapp/
            + WEB-INF/
                + jsp/
                    - home.jsp
            - applicationContext.xml
            - dispatcher-servlet.xml
            - web.xml
        - index.jsp
- pom.xml

代码

pom.xml是maven的配置文件。

<!-- pom.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.yww</groupId>
  <artifactId>demo</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>

  <name>demo Maven Webapp</name>
  <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
  <url>http://www.example.com</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
      <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
      <version>5.2.0.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>5.2.0.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
      <version>5.2.0.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
      <version>5.2.0.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
      <version>5.2.0.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
      <version>5.2.0.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
      <version>5.2.0.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>5.2.0.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.11</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

</project>

配置bean,将Aniaml的bean类放入com/yww/目录下,配置bean的文件applicationContext.xml

<!-- src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="tom" class="com.yww.Animal">
        <property name="name" value="Tom"/>
    </bean>

</beans>

web.xml文件同之前配置。

控制器中获取bean(自动连线需要导Autowired包)。

package com.yww;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/home")
public class HomeController {

    @Autowired
    public Animal animal;

    @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String printHome(ModelMap model){
        String str1 = animal.getName();
        model.addAttribute("msg", "this is a page! gradle " + str1);

        return "home";
    }
}

打包运行

在与pom.xml同级目录下,使用命令下载依赖的库并打包成war:

mvn install

target/目录下的war文件放入tomcat/webapps/中运行。


Gradle快速开始

创建gradle目录结构

下载Gradle,执行命令创建web项目:

gradle init

目录结构:

+ src/
    + main/
        + java/
            + com/
                + yww/
                    - HomeController.java
                    - Animal.java
        + resources/
        + webapp/
            + WEB-INF/
                + jsp/
                    - home.jsp
            - applicationContext.xml
            - dispatcher-servlet.xml
            - web.xml
        - index.jsp
- build.gradle

代码

build.gradle是gradle管理项目的配置文件。

// build.gradle
plugins {
    id 'java'
    id 'war'
}

group = 'com.yww'
version = '0.0.1-SNAPSHOT'
sourceCompatibility = 1.8
targetCompatibility = 1.8

ext{
    springVersion = '5.2.0.RELEASE'
}

repositories {
    mavenCentral()
}

dependencies {
    compile "org.springframework:spring-core:$springVersion"
    compile "org.springframework:spring-context:$springVersion"
    compile "org.springframework:spring-beans:$springVersion"
    compile "org.springframework:spring-expression:$springVersion"
    compile "org.springframework:spring-aop:$springVersion"
    compile "org.springframework:spring-aspects:$springVersion"
    compile "org.springframework:spring-web:$springVersion"
    compile "org.springframework:spring-webmvc:$springVersion"

    testCompile "junit:junit:4.12"
    compile "org.springframework:spring-jdbc:$springVersion"
    compile group: 'mysql', name: 'mysql-connector-java', version: '8.0.15'
}

打包运行

在与build.gradle同级目录下,执行命令构建打包war:

gradle build

build/lib/目录下的war文件放入tomcat运行。


02-14 01:36