最近学了一波模拟退火。个人感觉,就是随机算法,然后我们的目标点,一开始温度T高的时候会移动的剧烈,T小的时候移动的缓和(所以这就是为什么每一次移动的距离都是乘T)。然后真正的模拟退火是如果当前的tem比ans优,那就毫不犹豫地接受,否则则以一定概率接受。也就是那个exp(dE/T)> rand 那个。

然后还有爬山算法,就是只会一直找更优解,不接受差解,具体就是在模拟退火基础上,一直找最优解,找不到就降温(所以会陷入局部最优解的坑)。在网上嫖了一份代码(https://blog.csdn.net/just_sort/article/details/51648958)

 1 while(t>eps)
 2     {
 3         bool fuck = 1;
 4         while(fuck)
 5         {
 6             fuck = 0;
 7             for(int i=0; i<4; i++)
 8             {
 9                 z.x = s.x+dir[i][0]*t;
10                 z.y = s.y+dir[i][1]*t;
11                 double tmp = getSum(p,n,z);
12                 if(ans>tmp)
13                 {
14                     ans = tmp;
15                     s   = z;
16                     fuck= 1;
17                 }
18             }
19         }
20         t*=delta;
21     }
View Code

求费马点:poj2420

题目链接:https://vjudge.net/problem/POJ-2420

一开始就以坐标平均点作为起始点,然后移动的时候虽然可以无脑的向四周移动,但是我们可以这样看,求出每一个点和当前点的dx,dy,然后肯定是当前点朝dx和dy方向移动。这样会更好

(这个是带上一定概率接受更差解的)

 1 #include<iostream>
 2 #include<cmath>
 3 #include<cstdio>
 4 #include<ctime>
 5 #include<algorithm>
 6 using namespace std;
 7 #define eps 1e-6
 8 int n;
 9 const int N = 109;
10 struct Point{
11     double x,y;
12 }p[N],now;
13 double dis(Point a,Point b){
14     return sqrt( (a.x-b.x)*(a.x-b.x) + (a.y-b.y)*(a.y - b.y));
15 }
16 double getsum(Point u){
17     double res = 0;
18     for(int i = 1;i<=n;++i){
19         res += dis(p[i],u);
20     }
21     return res;
22 }
23 int main(){
24     scanf("%d",&n);
25     for(int i = 1;i<=n;++i){
26         scanf("%lf %lf",&p[i].x,&p[i].y);
27         now.x += p[i].x;
28         now.y += p[i].y;
29     }
30     now.x /= n; now.y /= n;
31     double ans = getsum(now);
32     double T = 100;
33     srand(23333);
34     while(T > eps){
35         double dx = 0,dy = 0;
36         for(int i = 1;i<=n;++i){
37             dx += (p[i].x - now.x)/dis(now,p[i]);
38             dy += (p[i].y - now.y)/dis(now,p[i]);
39         }
40         Point next = (Point){now.x + dx*T, now.y + dy*T};
41         double tem = getsum(next);
42         if(tem < ans){
43             ans = tem;
44             now = next;
45         }
46         else if(exp( (ans - tem) / T) > (rand()%10000)/10000.0){
47             ans = tem;
48             now = next;
49         }
50         T *= 0.98;
51     }
52     printf("%.0f",ans);
53     return 0;
54 }
View Code

最小球覆盖:poj2069

题目链接:https://vjudge.net/problem/POJ-2069

和上一题差不多,先以平均点做起始点,然后每次移动肯定是往距离当前点的最远点移动。

(这个没有接受更差解了)

 1 #include<iostream>
 2 #include<cstdio>
 3 #include<cmath>
 4 #define eps 1e-6
 5 using namespace std;
 6 const int N = 40;
 7 int n;
 8 struct Point{
 9     double x,y,z;
10 }p[N],now;
11 double dis(Point u,Point v){
12     return sqrt( (u.x-v.x)*(u.x-v.x) + (u.y-v.y)*(u.y-v.y) + (u.z - v.z)*(u.z - v.z));
13 }
14 int main(){
15     while(~scanf("%d",&n) && n){
16         for(int i = 1 ; i <= n ;++i){
17             scanf("%lf %lf %lf",&p[i].x,&p[i].y,&p[i].z);
18             now.x+=p[i].x; now.y+=p[i].y; now.z += p[i].z;
19         }
20         now.x/=n; now.y/=n; now.z/=n;
21         double T = 100;
22         double ans = 1e99;
23         while(T > eps){
24             int k = 1;
25             for(int i = 1;i <= n ;++i){
26                 if(dis(now,p[i]) > dis(now,p[k]) ){
27                     k = i;
28                 }
29             }
30             double tem = dis(p[k],now);
31             ans = min(ans,tem);
32             now.x += ( (p[k].x - now.x)/tem )*T;
33             now.y += ( (p[k].y - now.y)/tem )*T;
34             now.z += ( (p[k].z - now.z)/tem )*T;
35             T *= 0.98;
36         }
37         printf("%.6f\n",ans);
38     }
39     return 0;
40 }
View Code

至于最小园覆盖,模拟退火的话和最小求覆盖一样啦。不过最小圆覆盖有线性的点增量法(下一篇讲到),所以就不妨在这里了。

02-14 00:26