时序数据库TimescaleDB,实战部署全攻略

文章目录

• • 📣 1.时序数据库
  • 📣 2.TimescaleDB
  • 📣 3.安装PG
  • 📣 4.TimescaleDB部署
  • 📣 5.TimescaleDB使用
  • 📣 6 总结

运用时间模型来构造的应用非常需要时序数据库的加持，包括未来大数据的趋势，时序数据库必然会成为一个新潮流。

📣 1.时序数据库

📣 2.TimescaleDB

📣 3.安装PG

✨3.1. rpm包下载

✨3.2 安装依赖包

✨3.3 始化安装

✨3.4 配置参数

cat >> /var/lib/pgsql/14/data/postgresql.conf <<"EOF"
listen_addresses = '*'
port=5432
logging_collector = on
log_directory = 'pg_log'
log_filename = 'postgresql-%a.log'
log_truncate_on_rotation = on
EOF

cat << EOF > /var/lib/pgsql/14/data/pg_hba.conf
# TYPE  DATABASE    USER    ADDRESS       METHOD
local     all       all                    trust
host      all       all   127.0.0.1/32     trust
host      all       all    0.0.0.0/0      md5
host   replication  all    0.0.0.0/0      md5
local  replication  all                    trust
EOF

✨3.5 重启

📣 4.TimescaleDB部署

✨ 4.1 repository

tee /etc/yum.repos.d/timescale_timescaledb.repo <<EOL
[timescale_timescaledb]
name=timescale_timescaledb
baseurl=https://packagecloud.io/timescale/timescaledb/el/$(rpm -E %{rhel})/\$basearch
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://packagecloud.io/timescale/timescaledb/gpgkey
sslverify=1
sslcacert=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt
metadata_expire=300
EOL

✨ 4.2 yum在线安装

1.Update your local repository list:
yum update --skip-broken --nobest

2.Install TimescaleDB:
yum install timescaledb-2-postgresql-14

在Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8上安装时，需要使用:
sudo dnf module disable postgresql
命令禁用系统中内置的PostgreSQL模块。

✨ 4.3 插件配置

📣 5.TimescaleDB使用

✨ 5.1 登陆PG

[root@rhel8 ~]# su - postgres
[postgres@rhel8 ~]$ 
[postgres@rhel8 ~]$ psql
psql (14.10)
Type "help" for help.

postgres=# create database jemdb;
CREATE DATABASE
postgres=# \c jemdb
You are now connected to database "jemdb" as user "postgres".

✨ 5.2 创建插件

1.创建插件
CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS timescaledb;

2.删除插件
DROP EXTENSION IF EXISTS timescaledb;

jemdb=# \dx
                                               List of installed extensions
    Name     | Version |   Schema   |                                     Description                                      
-------------+---------+------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 plpgsql     | 1.0     | pg_catalog | PL/pgSQL procedural language
 timescaledb | 2.14.2  | public     | Enables scalable inserts and complex queries for time-series data (Apache 2 Edition)
(2 rows)

✨ 5.3 使用超表

1、创建普通测试表
CREATE TABLE conditions (
time        TIMESTAMPTZ       NOT NULL,
location    TEXT              NOT NULL,
temperature DOUBLE PRECISION  NULL,
humidity    DOUBLE PRECISION  NULL
);

2、基于time分区将上一步创建的普通表转换为超表
jemdb=# SELECT create_hypertable('conditions', 'time');
    create_hypertable    
-------------------------
 (1,public,conditions,t)
(1 row)

3、插入数据并查询
jemdb=# INSERT INTO conditions(time, location, temperature, humidity)
SELECT now(), to_char(i, 'FM0000'), random()*i, random()*i FROM generate_series(1,10000) i;


4.针对过去3小时的数据，每15分钟采集度量一次，按照时间和温度降序排序
SELECT time_bucket('15 minutes', time) AS fifteen_min,
location, COUNT(*),
MAX(temperature) AS max_temp,
MAX(humidity) AS max_hum
FROM conditions
WHERE time > NOW() - interval '3 hours'
GROUP BY fifteen_min, location
ORDER BY fifteen_min DESC, max_temp DESC;


5.更改现有超表上的块间隔长度
SELECT set_chunk_time_interval('conditions', INTERVAL '24 hours');

SELECT h.table_name, c.interval_length
  FROM _timescaledb_catalog.dimension c
  JOIN _timescaledb_catalog.hypertable h
    ON h.id = c.hypertable_id;

📣 6 总结