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从零搭建K8S测试集群

环境准备

本文介绍从零开始创建多个虚拟机，组建一个测试k8s集群的完整过程，并记录中间踩过的坑

创建虚拟机

安装vagrant和virtualbox

创建两个目录（一个目录对应一个虚拟机），进入执行vagrant init centos/7初始化，以及vagrant up，然后去吃饭，等待虚拟机装好

D:\vm2>vagrant init centos/7
A `Vagrantfile` has been placed in this directory. You are now
ready to `vagrant up` your first virtual environment! Please read
the comments in the Vagrantfile as well as documentation on
`vagrantup.com` for more information on using Vagrant.

D:\vm2>vagrant up
Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
==> default: Importing base box 'centos/7'...
==> default: Matching MAC address for NAT networking...
==> default: Checking if box 'centos/7' version '2004.01' is up to date...
==> default: Setting the name of the VM: vm2_default_1608174748422_96033
==> default: Fixed port collision for 22 => 2222. Now on port 2200.
==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
    default: Adapter 1: nat
==> default: Forwarding ports...
    default: 22 (guest) => 2200 (host) (adapter 1)
==> default: Booting VM...
==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
    default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2200
    default: SSH username: vagrant
    default: SSH auth method: private key
    default:
    default: Vagrant insecure key detected. Vagrant will automatically replace
    default: this with a newly generated keypair for better security.
    default:
    default: Inserting generated public key within guest...
    default: Removing insecure key from the guest if it's present...
    default: Key inserted! Disconnecting and reconnecting using new SSH key...
==> default: Machine booted and ready!
==> default: Checking for guest additions in VM...
    default: No guest additions were detected on the base box for this VM! Guest
    default: additions are required for forwarded ports, shared folders, host only
    default: networking, and more. If SSH fails on this machine, please install
    default: the guest additions and repackage the box to continue.
    default:
    default: This is not an error message; everything may continue to work properly,
    default: in which case you may ignore this message.
==> default: Rsyncing folder: /cygdrive/d/vm2/ => /vagrant

vagrant会帮我们把虚拟机装好并启动，创建一个vagrant账号，密码vagrant，root账号的密码也是vagrant。同时，在当前的目录下生成一个Vagrantfile文件，我们需要对这个文件做一点小小的修改来保证虚拟机的设置满足k8s需求，以及虚拟机之间的网络可以互通。

  # 配置一个公共网络（bridge网络，可以指定ip，也可以不指定，使用默认的dhcp分配地址）
  config.vm.network "public_network", ip: "192.168.56.10"
  config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
    # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine
    # vb.gui = true

    # 指定内存和cpu核数
    # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:
    vb.memory = "4096"
	vb.cpus = 2
  end

修改好后执行vagrant reload即可重启虚拟机，让配置生效

关于虚拟机的网络

这里介绍一下虚拟机几种主要的网络模型：

  • NAT（Network Address Translatation）
  • 桥接（Bridge）
  • 主机（Host-only）
  • 内部（Internal）

NAT

Nat是Vagrant默认设置的网络模型，虚拟机与物理机并不在同一个网段，虚拟机可以访问外网，访问时需要用NAT虚拟设备进行地址转换，严格来讲NAT有2种实现方式：

  • NAT：NAT上的虚拟机互相隔离，彼此不能通信，如下图所示，每个虚拟机的虚拟网卡连接着一个虚拟NAT设备（图中紫色NAT，没有橙色的NAT）
  • NAT网络：NAT网络上的虚拟机可以互通，共享虚拟NAT设备（图中橙色NAT，没有紫色NAT）

从零搭建K8S测试集群-LMLPHP

桥接网络

桥接网络简单方便，所有虚拟机和宿主机都在同一个网络中，与宿主机组网的其它机器也可以像访问宿主机一样访问虚拟机，如同一个真实的网络设备一样，是功能最完整的一种网络模型，但缺点是如果虚拟机过多，广播的成本很高

从零搭建K8S测试集群-LMLPHP

Host-only

主机网络将网络环境限制在主机内部，默认不能访问外网，主机和虚拟机不在同一个网段，但主机与虚拟机之间、虚拟机和虚拟机之间是互通的（通过配置也可以实现对外网的访问）。在主机上设置物理网卡的属性/共享，将物理网卡和虚拟网卡桥接或共享即可访问外网。

从零搭建K8S测试集群-LMLPHP

内部网络

这是一种简单的网络模型，虚拟机和外部环境完全断开，只允许虚拟机之间互相访问，用的比较少

小结

关于vagrant的网络

vagrant支持3种网络配置，可以在Vagrantfile中进行配置：

  • 端口映射，比如访问本机的8080端口、转发到虚拟机的80端口（默认为tcp，如果需要转发udp则指定Protocol为udp）
config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080
  • 私有网络，对应Host-only网络，允许主机访问虚拟机，以及虚拟机之间互相访问，其它机器无法访问虚拟机，安全性高
config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.21.4"
  • 共有网络，对应bridge网络，相当于一个独立的网络设备
config.vm.network "public_network", ip: "192.168.1.120"

docker安装

  • 设置官方的软件源
$ sudo yum install -y yum-utils

$ sudo yum-config-manager \
    --add-repo \
    https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
  • 安装docker引擎
$ sudo yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
  • 启动docker
$ sudo systemctl start docker

k8s安装

  • 确保 iptables 工具不使用 nftables 后端
update-alternatives --set iptables /usr/sbin/iptables-legacy
update-alternatives --set ip6tables /usr/sbin/ip6tables-legacy
update-alternatives --set arptables /usr/sbin/arptables-legacy
update-alternatives --set ebtables /usr/sbin/ebtables-legacy
  • 设置源，并安装 kubelet kubeadm kubectl
cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

# 将 SELinux 设置为 permissive 模式（相当于将其禁用）
setenforce 0
sed -i 's/^SELINUX=enforcing$/SELINUX=permissive/' /etc/selinux/config

yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl --disableexcludes=kubernetes

systemctl enable --now kubelet

初始化集群

kubeadm init

在主节点上执行kubeadm初始化

[root@localhost vagrant]# kubeadm init
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.20.0
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
        [WARNING Service-Docker]: docker service is not enabled, please run 'systemctl enable docker.service'
        [WARNING IsDockerSystemdCheck]: detected "cgroupfs" as the Docker cgroup driver. The recommended driver is "systemd". Please follow the guide at https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/cri/
        [WARNING SystemVerification]: this Docker version is not on the list of validated versions: 20.10.1. Latest validated version: 19.03
error execution phase preflight: [preflight] Some fatal errors occurred:
        [ERROR NumCPU]: the number of available CPUs 1 is less than the required 2
        [ERROR Mem]: the system RAM (486 MB) is less than the minimum 1700 MB
        [ERROR FileContent--proc-sys-net-bridge-bridge-nf-call-iptables]: /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables contents are not set to 1
        [ERROR Swap]: running with swap on is not supported. Please disable swap
[preflight] If you know what you are doing, you can make a check non-fatal with `--ignore-preflight-errors=...`
To see the stack trace of this error execute with --v=5 or higher
  • docker service is not enabled的告警，直接执行systemctl enable docker.service解决，docker会被设置为开机自启动
  • cgroupfs 问题告警，意思是systemd作为cgroup驱动更加稳定，让你用这个，不同的cri的设置可以参考https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/cri/
  • docker版本问题告警，我的docker版本过新了，官方还没有测试过，最后一个验证过的版本是19.03
  • Error部分CPU和内存不足的问题，打开VirtualBox，在虚拟机的设置中将CPU的核数调整为2或以上、内存大小调整为1700MB或以上即可

从零搭建K8S测试集群-LMLPHP

  • FileContent--proc-sys-net-bridge-bridge-nf-call-iptables问题，iptable被绕过而导致流量无法正确路由，执行下面的命令解决
cat <<EOF >  /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl --system
  • Swap问题，执行sudo swapoff -a禁用swap即可，但每次重启都需要重新设置，可以修改/etc/fstab目录下，注释掉swap那行即可

vagrant网络设置

vagrant默认使用nat网络，虽然在虚拟机中可以访问主机和外网，但多个虚拟机之间无法互相访问，

加入集群

我们在主节点上执行kubeadm，注意2点：

  • --apiserver-advertise-address "192.168.205.10"，指定我们的vm1的eth1网卡，这个网卡才可以和其它vm互通
  • --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 为使用flannel网络插件做准备
[root@vm1 vagrant]# kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address "192.168.205.10" --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.20.0
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
        [WARNING IsDockerSystemdCheck]: detected "cgroupfs" as the Docker cgroup driver. The recommended driver is "systemd". Please follow the guide at https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/cri/
        [WARNING SystemVerification]: this Docker version is not on the list of validated versions: 20.10.1. Latest validated version: 19.03
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
[certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[certs] Generating "ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key
[certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local vm1] and IPs [10.96.0.1 192.168.205.10]
[certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/server" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [localhost vm1] and IPs [192.168.205.10 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/peer" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [localhost vm1] and IPs [192.168.205.10 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/healthcheck-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver-etcd-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "sa" key and public key
[kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes"
[kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "kubelet.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler"
[etcd] Creating static Pod manifest for local etcd in "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s
[apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 17.508748 seconds
[upload-config] Storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config-1.20" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster
[upload-certs] Skipping phase. Please see --upload-certs
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node vm1 as control-plane by adding the labels "node-role.kubernetes.io/master=''" and "node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane='' (deprecated)"
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node vm1 as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule]
[bootstrap-token] Using token: 2ckaow.r0ed8bpcy7sdx9kj
[bootstrap-token] Configuring bootstrap tokens, cluster-info ConfigMap, RBAC Roles
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to get nodes
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster
[bootstrap-token] Creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace
[kubelet-finalize] Updating "/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf" to point to a rotatable kubelet client certificate and key
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy

Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

#1.1 特别注意！在开始使用之前，请执行下面这段命令
To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

#1.2 或者执行下面这一行（如果你是root用户的话）
Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:

  export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

#2 接下来需要部署一个pod网络到集群中
You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

#3 然后执行下面的命令将worker节点加入集群
Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 192.168.205.10:6443 --token paattq.r3qp8kksjl0yukls \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:f18d1e87c8b1d041bc7558eedd2857c2ad7094b1b2c6aa8388d0ef51060e4c0f

配置kubeconfig

按照kubeadm的提示，需要先执行下面这段代码配置kubeconfig才可以正常访问到集群

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

否则会出现以下问题，执行完上面的方法后再执行kubectl get nodes就正常了

[root@vm1 vagrant]# kubectl get nodes
The connection to the server localhost:8080 was refused - did you specify the right host or port?

或者：
[root@vm1 vagrant]# kubectl get nodes
Unable to connect to the server: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority (possibly because of "crypto/rsa: verification error" while trying to verify candidate authority certificate "kubernetes")

此时查看以下k8s内部pod的运行状态，可以发现，只有kube-proxy和kube-apiserver处于就绪状态

[root@vm1 vagrant]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME                          READY   STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE
coredns-74ff55c5b-4ndtt       0/1     ContainerCreating   0          43s
coredns-74ff55c5b-tmc7n       0/1     ContainerCreating   0          43s
etcd-vm1                      0/1     Running             0          51s
kube-apiserver-vm1            1/1     Running             0          51s
kube-controller-manager-vm1   0/1     Running             0          51s
kube-proxy-5mvwf              1/1     Running             0          44s
kube-scheduler-vm1            0/1     Running             0          51s

部署pod网络

接下来需要部署Pod网络，否则我们观察到的节点会是NotReady的状态，如下所示

[root@vm1 vagrant]# kubectl get nodes
NAME   STATUS     ROLES                  AGE     VERSION
vm1    NotReady   control-plane,master   4m      v1.20.0

具体使用哪一个网络，可以参考https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/，这里选择了大名鼎鼎的flannel插件，在使用kubeadm时，flannel要求我们在kubeadm init时指定--pod-network-cidr参数来初始化cidr。

NOTE: If kubeadm is used, then pass --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 to kubeadm init to ensure that the podCIDR is set.

另外，由于这里我们使用的是vagrant创建的虚拟机，默认的eth0网卡是一个nat网卡，只能从虚拟机访问外部，不能从外部访问虚拟机内部，所以我们需要指定一个可以和外部通信的bridge网卡——eth1，修改kube-flannel.yml，添加--iface=eth1参数指定网卡。

      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.13.1-rc1
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        - --iface=eth1 # 为kube-flannel容器指定额外的启动参数！

执行下面的命令，可以创建flannel网络

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/k8s-manifests/kube-flannel.yml
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml

部署完网络后，再过一会儿查看k8s的pod状态可以发现，所有的pod都就绪了，并且启动了一个新的kube-flannel-ds

[root@vm1 vagrant]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
coredns-74ff55c5b-4ndtt       1/1     Running   0          88s
coredns-74ff55c5b-tmc7n       1/1     Running   0          88s
etcd-vm1                      1/1     Running   0          96s
kube-apiserver-vm1            1/1     Running   0          96s
kube-controller-manager-vm1   1/1     Running   0          96s
kube-flannel-ds-dnw4d         1/1     Running   0          19s
kube-proxy-5mvwf              1/1     Running   0          89s
kube-scheduler-vm1            1/1     Running   0          96s

加入集群

最后在vm2上执行kubeadm join加入集群

[root@vm2 vagrant]# kubeadm join 192.168.205.10:6443 --token paattq.r3qp8kksjl0yukls \
>     --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:f18d1e87c8b1d041bc7558eedd2857c2ad7094b1b2c6aa8388d0ef51060e4c0f
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
        [WARNING IsDockerSystemdCheck]: detected "cgroupfs" as the Docker cgroup driver. The recommended driver is "systemd". Please follow the guide at https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/cri/
        [WARNING SystemVerification]: this Docker version is not on the list of validated versions: 20.10.1. Latest validated version: 19.03
[preflight] Reading configuration from the cluster...
[preflight] FYI: You can look at this config file with 'kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -o yaml'
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[kubelet-start] Waiting for the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap...

This node has joined the cluster:
* Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.

Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the control-plane to see this node join the cluster.

加入之后，运行ip a可以查看到我们的网络，k8s为我们额外启动了flannel.1、cni0、以及veth设备

[root@vm2 vagrant]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:4d:77:d3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.0.2.15/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic eth0
       valid_lft 85901sec preferred_lft 85901sec
    inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe4d:77d3/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 08:00:27:f1:20:55 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.205.11/24 brd 192.168.205.255 scope global noprefixroute eth1
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fef1:2055/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default
    link/ether 02:42:6f:03:4a:68 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
5: flannel.1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1450 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default
    link/ether 6e:99:9d:7b:08:ec brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.244.1.0/32 brd 10.244.1.0 scope global flannel.1
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::6c99:9dff:fe7b:8ec/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
6: cni0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1450 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 4a:fe:72:33:fc:85 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.244.1.1/24 brd 10.244.1.255 scope global cni0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::48fe:72ff:fe33:fc85/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
7: veth7981bae1@if3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1450 qdisc noqueue master cni0 state UP group default
    link/ether 1a:87:b6:82:c7:5c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
    inet6 fe80::1887:b6ff:fe82:c75c/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
8: veth54bbbfd5@if3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1450 qdisc noqueue master cni0 state UP group default
    link/ether 46:36:5d:96:a0:69 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 1
    inet6 fe80::4436:5dff:fe96:a069/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

此时再在vm1上查看节点状态，可以看到有2个就绪的节点

[root@vm1 vagrant]# kubectl get nodes
NAME   STATUS   ROLES                  AGE     VERSION
vm1    Ready    control-plane,master   5h58m   v1.20.0
vm2    Ready    <none>                 5h54m   v1.20.0

部署一个服务

现在我们有了一个简单的k8s环境，来部署一个简单的nginx服务测试一下吧，首先准备一个nginx-deployment.yaml文件，内容如下

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-deployment
  labels:
    app: nginx
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx:latest
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

执行kubectl apply进行部署

[root@vm1 vagrant]# kubectl apply -f nginx-deployment.yaml
deployment.apps/nginx-deployment created

可以查看一下Pod有没有起来

[root@vm1 vagrant]# kubectl get pods
NAME                               READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-deployment-585449566-bqls4   1/1     Running   0          20s
nginx-deployment-585449566-n8ssk   1/1     Running   0          20s

再执行kubectl expose添加一个service导出

[root@vm1 vagrant]# kubectl expose deployment nginx-deployment --port=80 --type=NodePort
service/nginx-deployment exposed

kubectl get svc查看一下映射的端口

[root@vm1 vagrant]# kubectl get svc
NAME               TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
kubernetes         ClusterIP   10.96.0.1       <none>        443/TCP        4m19s
nginx-deployment   NodePort    10.98.176.208   <none>        80:32033/TCP   8s

指定导出的端口用curl进行测试

[root@vm1 vagrant]# curl -I 192.168.205.11:32033
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.19.6
Date: Mon, 21 Dec 2020 07:09:40 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 612
Last-Modified: Tue, 15 Dec 2020 13:59:38 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5fd8c14a-264"
Accept-Ranges: bytes

参考

12-23 18:15
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