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《SpringBoot篇》14.@AutoConfigureMockMvc测试类实现Web层测试

说明：其实使用PostMan或者PostApi等软件测试效果是一样的，但是又不能不知道可以在测试类中实现，就当拓展知识了解吧。之后我会写一篇关于各种测试软件不同点的博客，可以关注一下。

1.测试类实现Web层测试

说明：本文是在springboot项目中实现的哦。

（1）在测试类上添加@AutoConfigureMockMvc

@SpringBootTest()
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
class DemoApplicationTests {

    @Test
    void WebFindTest() {

    }
}

（2）在SpringBootTest注解中添加参数webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT

@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
//开启虚拟MVC调用
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class WebTest {

    @Test
    void testWeb(@Autowired MockMvc mvc) {
    }
}

注：这里WebEnvironment几个参数的含义：

  • MOCK：根据当前设置确认是否启动web环境，例如使用了Servlet的API就启动web环境，属于适配性的配置
  • DEFINED_PORT：使用自定义的端口作为web服务器端口
  • RANDOM_PORT：使用随机端口作为web服务器端口( 建议使用，防止端口冲突)
  • NONE：不启动web环境

（3）引入MockMvc对象创建访问请求

注：测试可以发现请求成功，测试发送请求可以成功但是无法看到结果，在下一步就可以看到了。
注：web层Controller代码

package com.example.demo.controller;

import com.example.demo.pojo.Admin;
import com.example.demo.repository.AdminRepository;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.util.List;

@RestController
public class WebController {

    @GetMapping("findWeb")
    @ResponseBody
    public String finall(){

        return "Web测试成功";
    }
}

注：测试类代码

package com.example.demo;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockHttpServletRequestBuilder;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;

@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
class DemoApplicationTests {

    //引入MockMvc类型对象
    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mvc;

    @Test
    void WebFindTest() throws Exception {

        //http://localhost:8080/findWeb
        //创建虚拟请求
        //前面的服务器IP地址和端口使用的是当前虚拟的web环境，无需指定，仅指定请求的具体路径即可
        MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/findWeb");
        //这里需要抛出异常
        mvc.perform(builder);
    }
}

测试成功效果：
《SpringBoot篇》14.@AutoConfigureMockMvc测试类实现Web层测试-LMLPHP

（4）实现请求结果对比

注： 响应对比有四种类型，响应状态匹配、响应体匹配（非json数据格式）、响应体匹配（json数据格式，开发中的主流使用方式）、响应头信息匹配。

a.响应状态匹配

package com.example.demo;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultActions;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultMatcher;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockHttpServletRequestBuilder;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.StatusResultMatchers;

@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
class DemoApplicationTests {

    //引入MockMvc类型对象
    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mvc;

    @Test
    void WebFindTest() throws Exception {

        //http://localhost:8080/findWeb
        //创建虚拟请求
        //前面的服务器IP地址和端口使用的是当前虚拟的web环境，无需指定，仅指定请求的具体路径即可
        MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/findWeb");
        //这里需要抛出异常
        //获取返回值
 		ResultActions perform = mvc.perform(builder);
 		
        //设定预期值 与真实值进行比较，成功测试通过，失败测试失败
        //定义本次调用的预期值
        StatusResultMatchers status = MockMvcResultMatchers.status();
        //预计本次调用时成功的：状态200
        ResultMatcher ok = status.isOk();
        //添加预计值到本次调用过程中进行匹配
        perform.andExpect(ok);
    }
}

b.响应体匹配（非json数据格式）

package com.example.demo;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultActions;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultMatcher;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockHttpServletRequestBuilder;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.ContentResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.StatusResultMatchers;

@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
class DemoApplicationTests {

    //引入MockMvc类型对象
    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mvc;

    @Test
    void WebFindTest() throws Exception {

        //http://localhost:8080/findWeb
        //创建虚拟请求
        //前面的服务器IP地址和端口使用的是当前虚拟的web环境，无需指定，仅指定请求的具体路径即可
        MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/findWeb");

        //这里需要抛出异常
        //获取返回值
        ResultActions perform = mvc.perform(builder);

        //设定预期值 与真实值进行比较，成功测试通过，失败测试失败
        //定义本次调用的预期值
        ContentResultMatchers content = MockMvcResultMatchers.content();
        //预计本次调用时成功的：状态200
        ResultMatcher resultMatcher = content.string("Web测试成功");

        //添加预计值到本次调用过程中进行匹配
        perform.andExpect(resultMatcher);
    }
}

测试成功将会访问成功，给大家看一下失败的样式：（会报错）
《SpringBoot篇》14.@AutoConfigureMockMvc测试类实现Web层测试-LMLPHP

c.响应体匹配（json数据格式，开发中的主流使用方式）

Controller类也要改成返回Json

package com.example.demo.controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class WebController {

    @GetMapping("findWeb")
    @ResponseBody
    public String finall(){

        return "{\"name\" : Web测试成功}";
    }
}

注意测试类Json写法：

package com.example.demo;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultActions;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultMatcher;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockHttpServletRequestBuilder;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.ContentResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.StatusResultMatchers;

@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
class DemoApplicationTests {

    //引入MockMvc类型对象
    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mvc;

    @Test
    void WebFindTest() throws Exception {

        //http://localhost:8080/findWeb
        //创建虚拟请求
        //前面的服务器IP地址和端口使用的是当前虚拟的web环境，无需指定，仅指定请求的具体路径即可
        MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/findWeb");

        //这里需要抛出异常
        //获取返回值
        ResultActions perform = mvc.perform(builder);

        //设定预期值 与真实值进行比较，成功测试通过，失败测试失败
        //定义本次调用的预期值
        ContentResultMatchers content = MockMvcResultMatchers.content();
        //这里注意Json写法格式
        ResultMatcher result = content.json("{\"name\":Web测试成功}");
        //添加预计值到本次调用过程中进行匹配
        perform.andExpect(result);

    }
}

d.响应头信息匹配

package com.example.demo;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultActions;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultMatcher;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockHttpServletRequestBuilder;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.ContentResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.HeaderResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.StatusResultMatchers;

@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
class DemoApplicationTests {

    //引入MockMvc类型对象
    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mvc;

    @Test
    void WebFindTest() throws Exception {

        //http://localhost:8080/findWeb
        //创建虚拟请求
        //前面的服务器IP地址和端口使用的是当前虚拟的web环境，无需指定，仅指定请求的具体路径即可
        MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/findWeb");

        //这里需要抛出异常
        //获取返回值
        ResultActions perform = mvc.perform(builder);
        //响应头
        HeaderResultMatchers header = MockMvcResultMatchers.header();
        ResultMatcher contentType = header.string("Content-Type", "text/plain;charset=UTF-8");
        perform.andExpect(contentType);
        
    }
}

（4）校验总结

注： 平时都是三种校验一起，（Json与非Json只能一种）

package com.example.demo;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultActions;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultMatcher;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockHttpServletRequestBuilder;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.ContentResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.HeaderResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.StatusResultMatchers;

@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
class DemoApplicationTests {

    //引入MockMvc类型对象
    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mvc;

    @Test
    void WebFindTest() throws Exception {

        //http://localhost:8080/findWeb
        //创建虚拟请求
        //前面的服务器IP地址和端口使用的是当前虚拟的web环境，无需指定，仅指定请求的具体路径即可
        MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/findWeb");

        //这里需要抛出异常
        //获取返回值
        ResultActions perform = mvc.perform(builder);

        //设定预期值 与真实值进行比较，成功测试通过，失败测试失败
        //定义本次调用的预期值
        //响应状态
        StatusResultMatchers status = MockMvcResultMatchers.status();
        ResultMatcher ok = status.isOk();
        perform.andExpect(ok);

        //响应头
        HeaderResultMatchers header = MockMvcResultMatchers.header();
        ResultMatcher contentType = header.string("Content-Type", "text/plain;charset=UTF-8");
        perform.andExpect(contentType);

        //返回的响应体
        ContentResultMatchers content = MockMvcResultMatchers.content();
        ResultMatcher result = content.json("{\"name\":Web测试成功}");
        perform.andExpect(result);

    }
}

2.补充测试层实现数据回滚

说明：使用@Transactional，@Rollback(true)防止执行测试类产生垃圾数据。

package com.example.demo;

import com.example.demo.pojo.Admin;
import com.example.demo.repository.AdminRepository;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.annotation.Rollback;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultActions;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultMatcher;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockHttpServletRequestBuilder;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.HeaderResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import java.util.Date;

@SpringBootTest()
@Transactional
@Rollback
class RollbackTests {
    
    @Autowired
    private AdminRepository adminRepository;

    @Test
    void WebFindTest()  {
        Admin admin  = new Admin();
        admin.setPassword("123");
        adminRepository.save(admin);
    }
}

3.补充测试用例数据随机

说明： 在配置文件中设置数据为随机，配合@ConfigurationProperties实现随机值注入

test:
  book:
    id: ${random.int}
    id2: ${random.int(10)}
    type: ${random.int!5,10!}
    name: ${random.value}
    uuid: ${random.uuid}
    publishTime: ${random.long}

@Component
@Data
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "test.book")
public class BookCase {
    private int id;
    private int id2;
    private int type;
    private String name;
    private String uuid;
    private long publishTime;
}
10-05 13:33
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