以下如果未特殊声明,都在JADE管理器中运行,然后再Eclipse控制台中查看!
JADE行为类
在前面的例子中,Agent所作的工作都定义在了setup方法中,实际上它具有的行为和执行的动作都应该定义在Behavious类中,我们可以对Behavior类生成实例,然后将任务或者动作代码放在对Behavious类中的action方法中,action方法是必须要有的。Behavious类还有很多子类,分别对应着不同类型的Behaviour,包括SimpleBehaviour,SequencesBehaviour, ParallelBehavior, CyclicBehavior等。
一个Agent的行为表示它能够执行的任务,通过继承jade.core.behaviours.Behaviour来实现。然后在Agent类中通过addBehaviour()方法将行为加入进来。当一个Agent启动(通过setup()方法后,行为可以在任何时间加入进来。
要定义Behaviour必须实现其action()方法,它定义了Agent的执行时的实际动作,而done()方法指名了一个行为是否已执行完毕,是否要从行为池中删除。
一个Agent可以并发执行多个behaviour。每个Agent线程启动后执行的过程如下:

JADE提升篇-LMLPHP

SimpleBehaviour简单行为

下面的例子中我们不在setup()中打印信息,而是把它放在一个简单行为中:
在jadetest包里面新建一个java类命名为HelloWorldBehaviour,输入下面代码。配置中把变量改为-gui sb:jadetest.SimpleBehaviour,运行

package jadetest;

/**
* @function
* @author Jacksile E-mail:tufujietec@foxmail.com
* @date 2016年1月14日 下午5:20:11
*/
import jade.core.Agent;
import jade.core.Location;
import jade.core.behaviours.SimpleBehaviour; public class HelloWorldBehaviours extends Agent {
public void setup() {
SimpleBehaviour hello_behaviour = new SimpleBehaviour(this) {
boolean finished = false; // 覆盖 Behaviour 类的action这一抽象方法
public void action() {
System.out.println("HelloWorldBehaviour run: Hello World!");
System.out.println("-----About Me:-----");
System.out.println("My local name is:" + getLocalName());
System.out.println("My globally unique name is:" + getName());
System.out.println("-----About Here:-----");
Location l = here();
System.out.println("I am running in a location called:" + l.getName());
System.out.println("Which is identified uniquely as:" + l.getID());
System.out.println("And is contactable at:" + l.getAddress());
System.out.println("Using the protocol:" + l.getProtocol());
finished = true;
} // done()在父类中也是一个抽象方法
public boolean done() {
return finished;
}
};
addBehaviour(hello_behaviour);
} // setup()
}

然后使用智能体管理器添加智能体并运行:

JADE提升篇-LMLPHP

JADE提升篇-LMLPHP

输出结果为:
HelloWorldBehaviour run: Hello World!

-----About Me:-----

My local name is:hwb

My globally unique name is:hwb@172.17.98.217:1099/JADE

-----About Here:-----

I am running in a location called:Main-Container

Which is identified uniquely as:Main-Container@172.17.98.217

And is contactable at:172.17.98.217

Using the protocol:jicp

这个程序相较于前面的例子多了action, done两个函数,它们分别执行自己的操作。HelloWorldBehaviours类加载时定义一个简单行为,这个简单行为执行的操作由action,done来实现。然后,再通过加载语句(addBehaviour(hello_behaviour))执行这个简单行为

简单行为和循环行为(CyclicBehaviour)组合的例子

一个Agent中可以加入各种Behaviour构成CompositeBehaviour。

在Eclipse的jade工程中编写下列程序,过程如前所描述。

package jadetest;

/**
* @function
* @author Jacksile E-mail:tufujietec@foxmail.com
* @date 2016年1月14日 下午8:46:29
*/
import jade.core.Agent;
import jade.core.behaviours.Behaviour;
import jade.core.behaviours.CyclicBehaviour;
import jade.core.behaviours.OneShotBehaviour; public class SimpleAgent extends Agent {
private class FourStepBehaviour extends Behaviour {
// SimpleBehaviour hello_behaviour = new SimpleBehaviour(this){
// 这两条语句有很大不同吗?上面的定义一个新的类,下面的修改了标准行为的执行内容
private int step = 1; public void action() {
switch (step) {
case 1:
System.out.println("Operation 1");
break;
case 2:
System.out.println("Operation 2. Adding one-shot behaviour");
myAgent.addBehaviour(new OneShotBehaviour(myAgent) {
// 增加了一个新的动作,即快照
public void action() {
System.out.println("One-shot");
}
});// myAgent.addbehaviour
break;
case 3:
System.out.println("Operation 3");
break;
case 4:
System.out.println("Operation 4");
break;
}// switch
step++;
} // action public boolean done() {
return step == 5; // 判断语句
} public int onEnd() {
myAgent.doDelete();
System.out.println("Finished!");
return super.onEnd();
}
} // class FourStepBehaviour /** Creates a new instance of SimpleAgent */
protected void setup() {
System.out.println("Agent " + getLocalName() + " started.");
addBehaviour(new CyclicBehaviour(this) { // 增加了一个循环行为
public void action() {
System.out.println("Cycling");
}
}); // //增加的循环行为
// Add the generic behaviour
addBehaviour(new FourStepBehaviour());
}// //setup()
}

输出结果:
Agent sa started.

Cycling

Operation 1

Cycling

Operation 2. Adding one-shot behaviour

Cycling

Operation 3

One-shot

Cycling

Operation 4

Finished!

注意每个Agent内部都有一个ParallelBehaviour,我们如果加入多个behaviour到Agent中,他们会并行执行。behaviours加入到队列的顺序就是他们执行的次序。最后,behaviours可以动态的加入到Agent以及CompositeBehaviour。

总结:每个主体的执行都是从setup() 开始顺序执行的。主体可以执行自定义的行为,如上例中的hello_behaviour ,FourStepBehaviour,也可以执行标准化的行为如OneShotBehaviour。

Agent通讯:ACL(Agent communication language)

JADE的Agent之间进行通信使用的acl语言遵循fipa acl规范。一个acl消息通常包含这些参数:sender:消息的发送者,用Agent标志AID表示; receivers,接受Agent消息的Agent可以是多个;Reply-to,应收到回应的接受者;Performative:标志发送消息的目的,即发送者想要通过发送消息干什么,通常有这样一些常值:REQUEST, INFORM, ACCEPT_PROPOSAL, REJECT_PROPOSAL, PROPOSE;Content,消息的内容;内容语言,比如内容的编码格式;ontology,双方都能够理解的消息内容的概念说明和语义描述。

简单实例

发送者:

package jadetest;

/**
* @function
* @author Jacksile E-mail:tufujietec@foxmail.com
* @date 2016年1月14日 下午9:00:25
*/
import jade.core.AID;
import jade.core.Agent;
import jade.core.behaviours.Behaviour;
import jade.lang.acl.ACLMessage; public class SimpleSender extends Agent {
protected void setup() {
addBehaviour(new Behaviour(this) {
private boolean finished = false; public void action() {
System.out.println(getLocalName() + ": about to inform bob hello");
// we sleep here to give bob a chance to start.
doWait(5000);
AID r = new AID();// 作用是什么?表示消息的发送者
r.setLocalName("bob");
ACLMessage msg = new ACLMessage(ACLMessage.INFORM);
// set performative
msg.setSender(getAID());
msg.addReceiver(r);
msg.setContent("Hello_BOB");
send(msg);
System.out.println(getLocalName() + ": Send hello to bob");
System.out.println("the content is:" + msg.getContent()); // finished = true;
doWait(5000);
doDelete();
} // action public boolean done() {
return finished;
}
}); // addbehavior
}// setup
}// Agent

这段代码的主要执行过程为:构建一个AID,以此来指出该消息的目的Agent。这里我们指定目的为一个本地的Agent,名字为bob。建立一个ACL消息标志其performative为INFORM。设定Sender为自身,指定接收者为bob。然后发送消息内容。打印相关信息。
接收者:他的名字必须为bob

package jadetest;

/**
* @function
* @author Jacksile E-mail:tufujietec@foxmail.com
* @date 2016年1月14日 下午9:01:36
*/
import jade.core.Agent;
import jade.core.behaviours.SimpleBehaviour;
import jade.lang.acl.ACLMessage; public class SimpleReceiver extends Agent {
class DoSimpleReceiveBehaviour extends SimpleBehaviour {
private boolean finished = false; public DoSimpleReceiveBehaviour(Agent Agent) {
super(Agent);
} public void action() {
ACLMessage msg = receive();
if (msg != null) {
System.out.println(getLocalName() + ": received the following message : ");
System.out.println(msg.toString());
finished = true;
myAgent.doDelete();
} else {
System.out.println(getLocalName()
+ ":No message received, Blocking the behaviour till one is");
block();
}
}// action public boolean done() {
return finished;
}
}// DoSimpleReceiveBehaviour protected void setup() {
DoSimpleReceiveBehaviour behaviour = new DoSimpleReceiveBehaviour(this);
addBehaviour(behaviour);
}
}// Agent

接收者的代码流程为:添加一个简单行为,这一行为检查现在是否有受到消息,若没有,则执行block()方法组织目前的behaviour执行,直到有新的消息到达。
复杂实例

FIPA定义了一组交互协议,包括FIPA-request, FIPA-query, FIPA-request-when, FIPA-contract-net, FIPA-Iterater-net, FIPA-Auction-English, FIPA-Auction-Dutch.其中:

REQUEST-INFORM:A请求B做一些工作,B可以同意或拒绝。如果B同意,则会去完成并告诉A该工作已经完成。等等。

Query:A想知道一些事情,B可以同意或不同意,并将B的回应告诉A。

Propose:在给定一些precondition的条件下,提出一个proposal去执行某些动作。

在Eclipse中创建文件夹ips:其代码文件有两个,分别为

package ips;

/**
* @function
* @author Jacksile E-mail:tufujietec@foxmail.com
* @date 2016年1月14日 下午9:03:05
*/
import jade.core.AID;
import jade.core.Agent;
import jade.domain.FIPANames.InteractionProtocol;
import jade.lang.acl.ACLMessage;
import jade.proto.SimpleAchieveREInitiator; public class SimpleRequestInitiator extends Agent {
static class MarriageProposer extends SimpleAchieveREInitiator {
protected MarriageProposer(Agent Agent, ACLMessage msg) {
super(Agent, msg);
} protected void handleAgree(ACLMessage msg) {
System.out.println(myAgent.getLocalName() + ": 吼吼! " + msg.getSender().getLocalName()
+ " 已经同意嫁给我了, I'm so excited!");
} protected void handleRefuse(ACLMessage msg) {
System.out.println(myAgent.getLocalName() + ": Oh no! "
+ msg.getSender().getLocalName() + " 拒绝了我, i feel sad.");
} protected void handleInform(ACLMessage msg) {
System.out.println(myAgent.getLocalName() + ":" + msg.getSender().getLocalName()
+ " has informed me of the status of my request." + " They said : "
+ msg.getContent());
} protected void handleNotUnderstood(ACLMessage msg) {
System.out.println(myAgent.getLocalName() + ":" + msg.getSender().getLocalName()
+ " has indicated that they didn't understand.");
} protected void handleOutOfSequence(ACLMessage msg) {
System.out.println(myAgent.getLocalName() + ":" + msg.getSender().getLocalName()
+ "has sent me a message which I wasn't" + " expecting in this conversation");
}
} protected void setup() {
System.out.println(getLocalName() + ": about to propose marriage to bob ");
doWait(5000); // wait for bob to be started.
ACLMessage msg = new ACLMessage(ACLMessage.REQUEST);
AID to = new AID(); to.setLocalName("bob");
msg.setSender(getAID());
msg.addReceiver(to);
msg.setContent("Marry Me!");
msg.setProtocol(InteractionProtocol.FIPA_REQUEST);
addBehaviour(new MarriageProposer(this, msg));
}
}

还有:

package ips;

/**
* @function
* @author Jacksile E-mail:tufujietec@foxmail.com
* @date 2016年1月14日 下午9:03:57
*/ import jade.core.AID;
import jade.core.Agent;
import jade.domain.FIPANames.InteractionProtocol;
import jade.lang.acl.ACLMessage;
import jade.proto.SimpleAchieveREResponder; public class SimpleRequestResponder extends Agent {
static class MarriageResponder extends SimpleAchieveREResponder {
public MarriageResponder(Agent Agent) {
super(Agent, createMessageTemplate(InteractionProtocol.FIPA_REQUEST));
} protected ACLMessage prepareResponse(ACLMessage msg) {
ACLMessage response = msg.createReply();
if (msg.getContent() != null && msg.getContent().equals("Marry Me!")) {
System.out.println(myAgent.getLocalName() + ":" + msg.getSender().getLocalName()
+ " has asked me to marry him!");
AID sender;
sender = msg.getSender();
if (sender.getLocalName().equals("baz")) {
response.setPerformative(ACLMessage.AGREE);
System.out.println(myAgent.getLocalName() + ":I'm going to agree.");
} else {
response.setPerformative(ACLMessage.REFUSE);
System.out.println(myAgent.getLocalName() + ":I'm going to turn him down.");
}
} else {
response.setPerformative(ACLMessage.NOT_UNDERSTOOD);
System.out.println(myAgent.getLocalName() + ":I didn't understand what "
+ msg.getSender().getLocalName() + " just said to me.");
}
return response;
} protected ACLMessage prepareResultNotification(ACLMessage inmsg, ACLMessage outmsg) {
// what they have asked is now complete (or if it failed)
ACLMessage msg = inmsg.createReply();
msg.setPerformative(ACLMessage.INFORM);
msg.setContent("I Do!");
return msg;
}
} protected void setup() {
System.out.println(getLocalName() + ": I wonder if anybody wants to marry me?");
addBehaviour(new MarriageResponder(this));
}//
}

按照以前记载,先打开GUI管理器,主类依然为jade.Boot,参数为-gui,GUI管理打开之后先建立一个名为bob的Agent,对应的类为ips.SimpleRequestResponder,然后再建立一个名为baz的Agent,对应的类为ips.SimpleRequestInitiator,记住顺序不能变,以下是输出结果:
bob: I wonder if anybody wants to marry me?

baz: about to propose marriage to bob

bob:baz has asked me to marry him!

bob:I'm going to agree.

baz: 吼吼! bob 已经同意嫁给我了, I'm so excited!

baz:bob has informed me of the status of my request. They said : I Do!

上例中,应用了SimpleAchieveREInitiator和SimpleAchieveREResponder两个基类,适用于两个Agent之间的交互。可以看出发起者对于不同的回应有不同的执行动作。

技巧:从AMS中获取所有Agent的AID。

package ips;

/**
* @function
* @author Jacksile E-mail:tufujietec@foxmail.com
* @date 2016年1月16日 下午1:52:33
*/
import jade.core.Agent;
import jade.domain.AMSService;
import jade.domain.FIPAAgentManagement.AMSAgentDescription;
import jade.domain.FIPAAgentManagement.SearchConstraints;
import jade.lang.acl.ACLMessage; public class AMSDump extends Agent {
protected void setup() {
AMSAgentDescription[] Agents = null;
try {
SearchConstraints c = new SearchConstraints();
c.setMaxResults(new Long(-1));
Agents = AMSService.search(this, new AMSAgentDescription(), c);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Problem searching AMS: " + e);
e.printStackTrace();
} ACLMessage msg = new ACLMessage(ACLMessage.INFORM);
msg.setContent("Ping");
for (int i = 0; i < Agents.length; i++) {
if (Agents[i].getName().equals(getAID())) {
// 如果不是自己则加入到接收者数组中
continue;
}
msg.addReceiver(Agents[i].getName());
}
}
}

ACL高级特性之消息模板:

MessageTemplate class 利用MessageTemplate可以针对ACLMessage的每个属性设置模式,以达到过滤消息的目的。为了可以构建更复杂的匹配规则,多个模式也可以进行and,or,not运算。最有用的一些规则或方法包括:通信行为匹配,发送者匹配,会话ID匹配。
比如MatchPerformative( performative ) 是通信行为的匹配。

这里 performative 可能是:

ACLMessage.INFORM

ACLMessage.PROPOSE

ACLMessage.AGREE

还有发送者匹配MatchSender( AID ),会话匹配MatchConversationID( String ),通信协议匹配MatchProtocol( String ) ,本体匹配MatchOntology( String)。

比如:MessageTemplate mt = MessageTemplate.and( 
               MessageTemplate.MatchPerformative( ACLMessage.INFORM ),

MessageTemplate.MatchSender( new AID( "a1",                                                         AID.ISLOCALNAME))) ;

相当于建立了一个模板,表示消息规则为INFORM行为并且发送者为“a1”。

接收过程如下:ACLMessage msg = receive( mt );

if (msg != null) { ... handle message }

block();

示例:

package jadePrime.acl;

/**
* @function
* @author Jacksile E-mail:tufujietec@foxmail.com
* @date 2016年1月14日 下午9:07:11
*/
import jade.core.AID;
import jade.core.Agent;
import jade.core.behaviours.CyclicBehaviour;
import jade.lang.acl.ACLMessage;
import jade.lang.acl.MessageTemplate; public class Template extends Agent {
MessageTemplate mt1 = MessageTemplate.and(MessageTemplate.MatchPerformative(ACLMessage.INFORM),
MessageTemplate.MatchSender(new AID("a1", AID.ISLOCALNAME))); protected void setup() {
// Send messages to "a1" and "a2" ACLMessage msg = new ACLMessage(ACLMessage.INFORM);
msg.setContent("Ping");
for (int i = 1; i <= 2; i++)
msg.addReceiver(new AID("a" + i, AID.ISLOCALNAME)); send(msg); // Set-up Behaviour 1 addBehaviour(new CyclicBehaviour(this) {
public void action() {
System.out.print("Behaviour ONE: ");
ACLMessage msg = receive(mt1);
if (msg != null)
System.out.println("gets " + msg.getPerformative() + " from "
+ msg.getSender().getLocalName() + "=" + msg.getContent());
else
System.out.println("gets NULL");
block();
}
});
// Set-up Behaviour 2
addBehaviour(new CyclicBehaviour(this) {
public void action() {
System.out.print("Behaviour TWO: ");
ACLMessage msg = receive();
if (msg != null)
System.out.println("gets " + msg.getPerformative() + " from "
+ msg.getSender().getLocalName() + "=" + msg.getContent());
else
System.out.println("gets NULL");
block();
}
});
}
}
package jadePrime.acl;

/**
* @function
* @author Jacksile E-mail:tufujietec@foxmail.com
* @date 2016年1月14日 下午9:10:07
*/
import jade.core.Agent;
import jade.core.behaviours.CyclicBehaviour;
import jade.lang.acl.ACLMessage; public class Responder extends Agent {
protected void setup() {
addBehaviour(new CyclicBehaviour(this) {
public void action() {
ACLMessage msg = receive();
if (msg != null) { ACLMessage reply = msg.createReply();
reply.setPerformative(ACLMessage.INFORM);
reply.setContent(" Gossip.....");
send(reply); reply.setPerformative(ACLMessage.PROPOSE);
reply.setContent(" Really sexy stuff... cheap! ");
send(reply);
}
block();
}
});
}
}

输出结果:
Behaviour ONE: gets NULL

Behaviour TWO: gets 6 from ams=( (action ( agent-identifier :name template@192.168.23.1:1099/JADE  :addresses (sequence http://jacksile:7778/acc )) (ACLMessage) ) (MTS-error ( agent-identifier :name a1@192.168.23.1:1099/JADE ) (internal-error "Agent not found: getContainerID() failed to find agent a1@192.168.23.1:1099/JADE")) )

Behaviour ONE: gets NULL

Base64:发送消息为java序列化对象

在JADE中,支持Agents之间通信的消息内容使用序列化的java对象,对本地应用,特别是所有Agent都用java实现的情况下也是很有用的.

看实例:一个ObjectSender负责发送一个Person对象,ObjectReceiver负责接收后打印出接收到的内容。

源文件:Person.java

package examples.Base64;

/**
* @function
* @author Jacksile E-mail:tufujietec@foxmail.com
* @date 2016年1月15日 下午12:34:47
*/
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Date; public class Person implements Serializable {
String name;
String surname;
Date birthdate;
int age; Person(String n, String s, Date d, int a) {
name = n;
surname = s;
birthdate = d;
age = a;
} public String toString() {
return (name + " " + surname + " born on " + birthdate.toString() + " age = " + age);
}
}

文件2:ObjectSender.java

package examples.Base64;

/**
* @function
* @author Jacksile E-mail:tufujietec@foxmail.com
* @date 2016年1月15日 下午12:35:47
*/
import jade.core.AID;
import jade.core.Agent;
import jade.lang.acl.ACLMessage; import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Date; public class ObjectSender extends Agent {
protected void setup() { try {
ACLMessage msg = new ACLMessage(ACLMessage.INFORM);
msg.setContent("Ping"); AID personR = new AID("personR", AID.ISLOCALNAME);
msg.addReceiver(personR);
Person p = new Person("Name1", "Surname1", new Date(), 1);
msg.setContentObject(p);
msg.setLanguage("JavaSerialization");
send(msg);
System.out.println(getLocalName() + " sent 1st msg " + msg); send(msg); } catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} doDelete(); // kill itself because it has completed its task. } }

文件三:ObjectReceiver.java

package examples.Base64;

/**
* @function
* @author Jacksile E-mail:tufujietec@foxmail.com
* @date 2016年1月15日 下午12:37:17
*/
import jade.core.Agent;
import jade.core.behaviours.CyclicBehaviour;
import jade.lang.acl.ACLMessage;
import jade.lang.acl.UnreadableException; public class ObjectReceiver extends Agent {
protected void setup() {
addBehaviour(new CyclicBehaviour(this) {
public void action() {
try {
ACLMessage msg = blockingReceive();
System.out.println(getLocalName() + " rx msg" + msg);
if ("JavaSerialization".equals(msg.getLanguage())) {
Person p = (Person) msg.getContentObject();
System.out.println(getLocalName() + " 获取Java对象: ");
System.out.println(p.getClass().getName());
System.out.println(p.toString());
}
} catch (UnreadableException e3) {
System.err.println(getLocalName() + " catched exception " + e3.getMessage());
} block();
}
});
} }

外部应用程序调用Agent
JADE2.3以后的版本都提供了in-process接口来实现外部应用程序对Agent的调用。

我们可以通过jade.core.Runtime.instance()来获得jade运行时的一个单独得实例。有两种方法可以用来创建一个jade主容器和一个jade远程容器。主要调用过程如下:

JADE提升篇-LMLPHP

先看简单的例子:

package inprocess;

/**
* @function
* @author Jacksile E-mail:tufujietec@foxmail.com
* @date 2016年1月15日 下午12:48:37
*/
import jade.core.Agent;
import jade.core.behaviours.SimpleBehaviour; /**
*
* @author Administrator
*/
public class CustomAgent extends Agent { public void setup() {
SimpleBehaviour helloBehaviour = new SimpleBehaviour(this) {
boolean finished = false; public void action() {
System.out.println("Hello World Behaviour run: 你好,世界!");
System.out.println("-----我是:-----");
System.out.println("我的本地名称是:" + getLocalName());
System.out.println("我全局唯一的标志名称为:" + getName());
finished = true;
} public boolean done() {
return finished;
} };
addBehaviour(helloBehaviour);
} }

以上是要调用的Agent类

package inprocess;

/**
* @function
* @author Jacksile E-mail:tufujietec@foxmail.com
* @date 2016年1月15日 下午12:49:43
*/ import jade.core.Profile;
import jade.core.ProfileImpl;
import jade.core.Runtime;
import jade.wrapper.AgentContainer;
import jade.wrapper.AgentController; public class InprocessTest { public static void main(String args[]) {
try {
Runtime rt = Runtime.instance();
rt.setCloseVM(true);
Profile pMain = new ProfileImpl(null, 8888, null);
System.out.println("Launching a whole in-process platform..." + pMain);
AgentContainer mc = rt.createMainContainer(pMain);
// set now the default Profile to start a container
ProfileImpl pContainer = new ProfileImpl(null, 8888, null);
System.out.println("Launching the Agent container ..." + pContainer);
AgentController custom = mc.createNewAgent("custom", "inprocess.CustomAgent", null);
custom.start(); } catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} }
}// 以上是调用者,在Eclipse中调试通过。

再看一个例子,也是main函数中动态创建Agent的例子。可以通过先创建另一个容器,然后再这个容器中创建Aent。比如:

public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO code application logic here
Runtime rt = Runtime.instance();
rt.setCloseVM(true);
ContainerController cc = rt.createAgentContainer(new ProfileImpl(false)); AgentController pingAgent = null;
try {
// create Agent and start it
(cc.createNewAgent("hello", "jadeclient.HelloWorldAgent", new Object[0])).start();
} catch (Exception e){}
}

可以写如下测试程序,这里用Eclipse平台,一个HelloWorldAgent,他将被动态创建并向主容器中的server发送一个消息:

package jadeclient;

/**
* @function
* @author Jacksile E-mail:tufujietec@foxmail.com
* @date 2016年1月15日 下午12:50:50
*/
import jade.core.AID;
import jade.core.Agent;
import jade.core.behaviours.SimpleBehaviour;
import jade.lang.acl.ACLMessage; public class HelloWorldAgent extends Agent {
public void setup() { addBehaviour(new SimpleBehaviour(this) {
boolean finished = false;
AID server = new AID("server", AID.ISLOCALNAME); public void action() {
System.out.println("我的本地名称是:" + getLocalName());
ACLMessage msg = new ACLMessage(ACLMessage.INFORM);
msg.setContent("消息内容");
msg.addReceiver(server);
send(msg);
System.out.println("已经往主容器中的server发送信息#");
block(1000); finished = true;
} public boolean done() {
return finished;
}
});
};
}

而server角色是收到消息后打印出来。

/*
* ReceiverAgent.java
* To change this template, choose Tools | Template Manager
* and open the template in the editor.
*/ package jadeclient; /**
* @function
* @author Jacksile E-mail:tufujietec@foxmail.com
* @date 2016年1月15日 下午12:51:57
*/
import jade.core.Agent;
import jade.core.behaviours.CyclicBehaviour;
import jade.lang.acl.ACLMessage; /**
*
* @author admin
*/
public class ReceiverAgent extends Agent { /** Creates a new instance of ReceiverAgent */ // 把接收到的信息打印出来
protected void setup() {
addBehaviour(new CyclicBehaviour(this) {
public void action() {
ACLMessage msg = receive();
if (msg != null)
System.out
.println("收到信息 " + myAgent.getLocalName() + " <- " + msg.getContent());
block();
}
});
} }

所有类写完之后,这里运行的时候先打开GUI管理器,然后GUI界面下创建一个名叫server的Agent,其类为jadeclient. ReceiverAgent,然后再创建一个名叫hello的Agent,其类为jadeclient.HelloWorldAgent.,记住,顺序不能变
在GUI界面管理器显示如下,在Eclipse平台中下面显示的是打印出的信息,可见在同一主机的不同容器中Agent通信与在同一容器中通信并无二样。

JADE提升篇-LMLPHP

JADE提升篇-LMLPHP

看一个稍微复杂的例子:

package examples.inprocess;

/**
* @function
* @author Jacksile E-mail:tufujietec@foxmail.com
* @date 2016年1月15日 下午12:53:06
*/ import jade.core.Profile;
import jade.core.ProfileImpl;
import jade.core.Runtime;
import jade.core.behaviours.CyclicBehaviour;
import jade.wrapper.AgentContainer;
import jade.wrapper.AgentController; public class InProcessTest { // Simple class behaving as a Condition Variable
public static class CondVar {
private boolean value = false; synchronized void waitOn() throws InterruptedException {
while (!value) {
wait();
}
} synchronized void signal() {
value = true;
notifyAll();
} } // End of CondVar class // This class is a custom Agent, accepting an Object through the
// object-to-Agent communication channel, and displying it on the
// standard output.
public static class CustomAgent extends jade.core.Agent { public void setup() {
// Accept objects through the object-to-Agent communication
// channel, with a maximum size of 10 queued objects
setEnabledO2ACommunication(true, 10); // Notify blocked threads that the Agent is ready and that
// object-to-Agent communication is enabled
Object[] args = getArguments();
if (args.length > 0) {
CondVar latch = (CondVar) args[0];
latch.signal();
} // Add a suitable cyclic behaviour...
addBehaviour(new CyclicBehaviour() { public void action() {
// Retrieve the first object in the queue and print it on
// the standard output
Object obj = getO2AObject();
if (obj != null) {
System.out.println("Got an object from the queue: [" + obj + "]");
} else
block();
} });
} public void takeDown() {
// Disables the object-to-Agent communication channel, thus
// waking up all waiting threads
setEnabledO2ACommunication(false, 0);
} } // End of CustomAgent class public static void main(String args[]) { try {
Runtime rt = Runtime.instance();// 获取jade运行时 // Exit the JVM when there are no more containers around
rt.setCloseVM(true); // 看运行参数中是否有-container
if (args.length > 0) {
if (args[0].equalsIgnoreCase("-container")) {
// 创建一个默认的profile
Profile p = new ProfileImpl(false);
// p.setParameter(Profile.MAIN, "false"); // Create a new non-main container, connecting to the default
// main container (i.e. on this host, port 1099)
System.out.println("Launching the Agent container ..." + p);
AgentContainer ac = rt.createAgentContainer(p); // 创建一个新的Agent
AgentController dummy = ac.createNewAgent("inProcess",
"jade.tools.DummyAgent.DummyAgent", new Object[0]); // 启动它
System.out.println("Starting up a DummyAgent...");
dummy.start(); // 等10秒
Thread.sleep(10000); // 杀死这个Agent
System.out.println("Killing DummyAgent...");
dummy.kill(); // 在同一虚拟机上创建另一个容器,NB,
// NB. 两个容器不能共享同一个 Profile对象!!! -->
// 所以需再创建一个profile对象
p = new ProfileImpl(false);
// p.putProperty(Profile.MAIN, "false");
AgentContainer another = rt.createAgentContainer(p); // 用两个参数创建一个移动agnet
Object[] arguments = new Object[2];
arguments[0] = "Hello World!";
arguments[1] = dummy;
AgentController mobile = another.createNewAgent("Johnny",
"examples.mobile.MobileAgent", arguments);
mobile.start(); return;
}
} // 在8888端口运行一个完整的平台t
// create a default Profile
Profile pMain = new ProfileImpl(null, 8888, null); System.out.println("Launching a whole in-process platform..." + pMain);
AgentContainer mc = rt.createMainContainer(pMain); // 使用默认的profile启动一个容器
ProfileImpl pContainer = new ProfileImpl(null, 8888, null);
System.out.println("Launching the Agent container ..." + pContainer);
AgentContainer cont = rt.createAgentContainer(pContainer);
System.out.println("Launching the Agent container after ..." + pContainer); System.out.println("Launching the rma Agent on the main container ...");
AgentController rma = mc.createNewAgent("rma", "jade.tools.rma.rma", new Object[0]);
rma.start(); // Launch a custom Agent, taking an object via the
// object-to-Agent communication channel. Notice how an Object
// is passed to the Agent, to achieve a startup synchronization:
// this Object is used as a POSIX 'condvar' or a Win32
// 'EventSemaphore' object... CondVar startUpLatch = new CondVar(); AgentController custom = mc.createNewAgent("customAgent", CustomAgent.class.getName(),
new Object[] { startUpLatch });
custom.start(); // Wait until the Agent starts up and notifies the Object
try {
startUpLatch.waitOn();
} catch (InterruptedException ie) {
ie.printStackTrace();
} // Put an object in the queue, asynchronously
System.out.println("Inserting an object, asynchronously...");
custom.putO2AObject("Message 1", AgentController.ASYNC);
System.out.println("Inserted."); // Put an object in the queue, synchronously
System.out.println("Inserting an object, synchronously...");
custom.putO2AObject(mc, AgentController.SYNC);
System.out.println("Inserted."); } catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} } }

现在看看servlet能不能调用这个,在Eclipse中建立一个web工程,添加jade库,建立一个servlet在servlet中进行调用Agent,看能不能输出结果。
其中主要文件如下

文件名:StartServlet.java:

package examples;

/**
* @function
* @author Jacksile E-mail:tufujietec@foxmail.com
* @date 2016年1月15日 下午12:57:37
*/ import jade.core.Profile;
import jade.core.ProfileImpl;
import jade.core.Runtime;
import jade.wrapper.AgentContainer;
import jade.wrapper.AgentController; import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter; import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; public class StartServlet extends HttpServlet { protected void processRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); out.println("<html>");
out.println("<head>");
out.println("<title>Servlet StartServlet</title>");
out.println("</head>");
out.println("<body>");
out.println("<h1>Servlet StartServlet at " + request.getContextPath() + "</h1>");
out.println("<font size=10 >你好</font>");
try {
Runtime rt = Runtime.instance();
rt.setCloseVM(true);
Profile pMain = new ProfileImpl(null, 8888, null); AgentContainer mc = rt.createMainContainer(pMain);
// set now the default Profile to start a container
ProfileImpl pContainer = new ProfileImpl(null, 8888, null);
out.println("运行Agent容器 ..." + pContainer);
AgentController rma = mc.createNewAgent("rma", "jade.tools.rma.rma", null);
rma.start();
AgentController custom = mc.createNewAgent("custom", "examples.CustomAgent", null);
custom.start(); out.println("我已经启动了一个小Agent"); } catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} out.println("</body>");
out.println("</html>"); out.close();
} protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
processRequest(request, response);
} protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
processRequest(request, response);
} public String getServletInfo() {
return "Short description";
}
}

CustomAgent.java:

package examples;

/**
* @function
* @author Jacksile E-mail:tufujietec@foxmail.com
* @date 2016年1月15日 下午1:03:40
*/
import jade.core.Agent;
import jade.core.behaviours.SimpleBehaviour; public class CustomAgent extends Agent { public void setup() {
SimpleBehaviour helloBehaviour = new SimpleBehaviour(this) {
boolean finished = false; public void action() {
System.out.println("Hello World Behaviour run: 你好,世界!");
System.out.println("-----我是:-----");
System.out.println("我的本地名称是:" + getLocalName());
System.out.println("我全局唯一的标志名称为:" + getName());
finished = true;
try {
Thread.sleep(40000);
} catch (java.lang.InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("已经过了40秒钟");
// 这里是为了测试关掉IE之后控制台上还会不会输出信息。
} public boolean done() {
return finished;
} };
addBehaviour(helloBehaviour);
} }

web.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
<display-name>jade</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>StartServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>examples.StartServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>StartServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/StartServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<session-config>
<session-timeout>
30
</session-timeout>
</session-config>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

在url:http://localhost:8888/jade/StartServlet中看到如下结果:
Servlet StartServlet at /jade

你好 运行Agent容器 ...(Profile main=true local-host=59.73.87.114 port=8888 services=jade.core.mobility.AgentMobilityService;jade.core.event.NotificationService host=59.73.87.114 local-port=8888 mtps=[jade.mtp.http.MessageTransportProtocol] jvm=j2se) 我已经启动了一个小Agent

在Tomcat控制台上输出信息:

Hello World Behaviour run: 你好,世界!

-----我是:-----

我的本地名称是:custom

我全局唯一的标志名称为:custom@deepin-84e2a07b:8888/JADE

已经过了40秒钟

同时图形化JADE容器运行,其中“已经过了40秒钟”是在浏览器关闭之后显示,说明Agent容器及Agent启动后一直运行着。

奇怪的是,我每次退出主容器,总显示

Exception while removing reference: java.lang.InterruptedException

java.lang.InterruptedException

at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)

at java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue.remove(ReferenceQueue.java:116)

at java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue.remove(ReferenceQueue.java:132)

at sun.java2d.Disposer.run(Disposer.java:107)

at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:595)

AWT blocker activation interrupted: //后面这个是JADE GUI的bug么?

java.lang.InterruptedException

at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)

at java.lang.Object.wait(Object.java:474)

at sun.awt.AWTAutoShutdown.activateBlockerThread(AWTAutoShutdown.java:309)

at sun.awt.AWTAutoShutdown.setToolkitBusy(AWTAutoShutdown.java:226)

at sun.awt.AWTAutoShutdown.notifyToolkitThreadBusy(AWTAutoShutdown.java:118)

at sun.awt.windows.WToolkit.eventLoop(Native Method)

at sun.awt.windows.WToolkit.run(WToolkit.java:269)

at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:595)

不知道什么问题?

一个Agent如何以程序的方式生成另一个Agent:

可以通过以下方式进行创建:

String name = "Alice" ;
AgentContainer c = getContainerController();
try {
AgentController a = c.createNewAgent( name, "Pong", null );
a.start();
}
catch (Exception e){}

其中,createNewAgent方法的第一个参数是要创建的Agent的名称,第二个是Agent的类名,实际使用时要包括他所在的命名空间(包名),第三个参数是要传入的参数的名称。
例子:

package jadePrime.acl;

/**
* @function
* @author Jacksile E-mail:tufujietec@foxmail.com
* @date 2016年1月15日 下午1:08:17
*/
/**
* Program which creates another Agent and sends
------------ it some messages
comm2.java
*
*/ import jade.core.AID;
import jade.core.Agent;
import jade.core.behaviours.SimpleBehaviour;
import jade.lang.acl.ACLMessage;
import jade.wrapper.AgentContainer;
import jade.wrapper.AgentController; public class Comm2 extends Agent {
String name = "Alice";
AID alice = new AID(name, AID.ISLOCALNAME); protected void setup() { AgentContainer c = getContainerController();
System.out.println("find container!"); try {
AgentController a = c.createNewAgent(name, "jadePrime.acl.Pong", null);
a.start();
System.out.println("++++pong has created:" + alice); } catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Create Agent Error!");
addBehaviour(new SimpleBehaviour(this) {
int n = 0; public void action() {
ACLMessage msg = new ACLMessage(ACLMessage.INFORM);
msg.setContent("Message #" + n);
msg.addReceiver(alice);
System.out.println("+++ Sending: " + n);
send(msg);
block(1000);
} public boolean done() {
return ++n > 3;
}
});
} }
}

当我们创建一个Comm2的Agent时,在控制台上会打印出创建alice成功的消息。
如何收集当前AMS中Agent列表

package jadePrime.manage;

/**
* @function
* @author Jacksile E-mail:tufujietec@foxmail.com
* @date 2016年1月15日 下午1:09:53
*/ import jade.core.AID;
import jade.core.Agent;
import jade.domain.AMSService;
import jade.domain.FIPAAgentManagement.AMSAgentDescription;
import jade.domain.FIPAAgentManagement.SearchConstraints; public class AMSDump extends Agent {
protected void setup() {
AMSAgentDescription[] Agents = null;
try {
SearchConstraints c = new SearchConstraints();
c.setMaxResults(new Long(-1));
Agents = AMSService.search(this, new AMSAgentDescription(), c);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Problem searching AMS: " + e);
e.printStackTrace();
} AID myID = getAID();
for (int i = 0; i < Agents.length; i++) {
AID AgentID = Agents[i].getName();
System.out.println((AgentID.equals(myID) ? "*** " : " ") + i + ": "
+ AgentID.getName());
}
doDelete();
// System.exit(0);
} }// end class AMSDump

详见:http://www.iro.umontreal.ca/%7Evaucher/Agents/JADE/primer4.html#5

JADE提升篇-LMLPHP

JADE中如何使用DF(Directory Facilitator)Agent提供的黄页服务。
这个比较好理解,DF相当于一个目录服务器,每个提供服务的Agent可以向DF注册其服务,然后,其他的Agent可以从DF中查询该类服务,也可以订阅这类服务,如果是后者,那么一旦这类服务被注册到DF中,则订阅方就可以收到。例程如下:

文件一, DFRegisterAgent.java 服务提供方

package yellowpages;

/**
* @function
* @author Jacksile E-mail:tufujietec@foxmail.com
* @date 2016年1月15日 下午1:11:14
*/ import jade.core.Agent;
import jade.domain.DFService;
import jade.domain.FIPAException;
import jade.domain.FIPANames;
import jade.domain.FIPAAgentManagement.DFAgentDescription;
import jade.domain.FIPAAgentManagement.Property;
import jade.domain.FIPAAgentManagement.ServiceDescription; public class DFRegisterAgent extends Agent { protected void setup() {
String serviceName = "unknown"; // 从命令行的参数中读取服务的名称,默认为unknown
Object[] args = getArguments();
if (args != null && args.length > 0) {
serviceName = (String) args[0];
} // 注册服务
System.out.println("Agent " + getLocalName() + " registering service \"" + serviceName
+ "\" of type \"weather-forecast\"");
try {
// 必要的几个步骤
DFAgentDescription dfd = new DFAgentDescription();
dfd.setName(getAID());
ServiceDescription sd = new ServiceDescription();
sd.setName(serviceName);
sd.setType("weather-forecast");// 设置服务类型为天气预报
sd.addOntologies("weather-forecast-ontology");
sd.addLanguages(FIPANames.ContentLanguage.FIPA_SL);
// 使用服务的一方必须遵循的规范,和具有的本体知识
sd.addProperties(new Property("country", "Italy"));
dfd.addServices(sd); DFService.register(this, dfd);
} catch (FIPAException fe) {
fe.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

文件二.
DFSubscribeAgent.java订阅方

package yellowpages;

/**
* @function
* @author Jacksile E-mail:tufujietec@foxmail.com
* @date 2016年1月15日 下午1:12:26
*/
import jade.core.AID;
import jade.core.Agent;
import jade.domain.DFService;
import jade.domain.FIPAException;
import jade.domain.FIPAAgentManagement.DFAgentDescription;
import jade.domain.FIPAAgentManagement.Property;
import jade.domain.FIPAAgentManagement.SearchConstraints;
import jade.domain.FIPAAgentManagement.ServiceDescription;
import jade.lang.acl.ACLMessage;
import jade.proto.SubscriptionInitiator;
import jade.util.leap.Iterator; public class DFSubscribeAgent extends Agent { protected void setup() {
// Build the description used as template for the subscription
DFAgentDescription template = new DFAgentDescription();
ServiceDescription templateSd = new ServiceDescription();
templateSd.setType("weather-forecast");
templateSd.addProperties(new Property("country", "Italy"));
template.addServices(templateSd); SearchConstraints sc = new SearchConstraints();
// 最多能接受10个结果
sc.setMaxResults(new Long(10)); addBehaviour(new SubscriptionInitiator(this, DFService.createSubscriptionMessage(this,
getDefaultDF(), template, sc)) {
protected void handleInform(ACLMessage inform) {
System.out.println("Agent " + getLocalName() + ": Notification received from DF");
try {
DFAgentDescription[] results = DFService
.decodeNotification(inform.getContent());
if (results.length > 0) {
for (int i = 0; i < results.length; ++i) {
DFAgentDescription dfd = results[i];
AID provider = dfd.getName();
// 同一个Agent可能提供很多服务,我们只对天气预报感兴趣
Iterator it = dfd.getAllServices();
while (it.hasNext()) {
ServiceDescription sd = (ServiceDescription) it.next();
if (sd.getType().equals("weather-forecast")) {
System.out.println("Weather-forecast service for Italy found:");
System.out.println("- Service \"" + sd.getName()
+ "\" provided by Agent " + provider.getName());
}
}
}
}
System.out.println();
} catch (FIPAException fe) {
fe.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
}
}

这样,编译后,我们为了体现发布服务和订阅服务时间上的一致关系,我们从命令行来运行这些类。假设已编译成功,文件标志在某目录下yellowpages\ DFSubscribeAgent.class 和yellowpages\ DFRegisterAgent.class,我们在yellowpages目录下运行命令
java jade.Boot –gui service1: yellowpages.DFRegisterAgent

系统运行主容器,同时控制台上显示Agent service1 registering service “noname” of type "weather-forecast"

然后我们在图形界面下,start new Agent,AgentName:subscriber ClassName:yellowpages.DFSubscribeAgent 添加后,控制台上会显示相关启动后的信息,但不会显示收到服务的消息。然后再start new Agent,AgentName:service2 ClassName:yellowpages.DFRegisterAgent 参数设为:rainny,这是控制台上显示注册服务成功的消息和订阅到服务的消息。显示如下:

JADE提升篇-LMLPHP

JADE中使用本体:

    Agent之间进行通信要有相同的语言,词汇和协议。在JADE中,Agents之间通信的方式可以有三种:1.使用字符串表达信息的内容,是最基本的方式.当消息内容是原子数据时,这种方式非常便利.2.消息内容使用序列化的java对象,对本地应用,特别是所有Agent都用java实现的情况下也是很有用的.3.为了jade能够以FIPA格式队消息进行编码和解码,扩展预先定义好的类,亦即使用本体的方式。这种方式允许jade的Agent可以同其他异质Agent系统进行互操作。这三种方式下对应设置和获取内容的方法对应如下:

JADE提升篇-LMLPHP

现在有一些已经存在的language来描述ontologies,如DAML+OIL和OWL,JADE并不直接支持这些ontologies,而是将ontologies编码为java类(比如protégé可以将本体直接导出为java类)。

本体提供了Agent交互的语义支持,但必须与内容语言结合使用,后者是Agent交互的语法支持。JADE支持的三种内容语言包括:FIPA-SL类似lisp的语言族;Leap-encoding应用于嵌入式开发;JavaCodec,JADE特定的内容语言。

04-30 01:01