Java中实现线程的方式

Java中实现多线程的方式的方式中最核心的就是 run()方法,不管何种方式其最终都是通过run()来运行。

Java刚发布时也就是JDK 1.0版本提供了两种实现方式,一个是继承Thread类,一个是实现Runnable接口。两种方式都是去重写run()方法,在run()方法中去实现具体的业务代码。

但这两种方式有一个共同的弊端,就是由于run()方法是没有返回值的,所以通过这两方式实现的多线程读无法获得执行的结果。

为了解决这个问题在JDK 1.5的时候引入一个Callable<V>接口,根据泛型V设定返回值的类型,实现他的call()方法,可以获得线程执行的返回结果。

虽然call()方法可以获得返回值,但它需要配合一个Future<V>才能拿到返回结果,而这个Future<V>又是继承了Runnable的一个接口。 通过查阅源码就可以发现Future<V>的实现FutureTask<V>其在做具体业务代码执行的时候仍是在run()里面实现的。

FutureTask 源码片段:

public void run() {
        if (state != NEW ||
            !UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, runnerOffset,
                                         null, Thread.currentThread()))
            return;
        try {
            Callable<V> c = callable;
            if (c != null && state == NEW) {
                V result;
                boolean ran;
                try {
                    result = c.call();
                    ran = true;
                } catch (Throwable ex) {
                    result = null;
                    ran = false;
                    setException(ex);
                }
                if (ran)
                    set(result);
            }
        } finally {
            // runner must be non-null until state is settled to
            // prevent concurrent calls to run()
            runner = null;
            // state must be re-read after nulling runner to prevent
            // leaked interrupts
            int s = state;
            if (s >= INTERRUPTING)
                handlePossibleCancellationInterrupt(s);
        }
    }

Java多线程实现方式的代码示例:

通过继承Thread类实现

public class ThreadTest {

  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    Thread myThread = new MyThread();
    myThread.setName("MyThread-entends-Thread-test");
    myThread.start();

  }
}

class MyThread extends Thread {

  @Override
  public void run() {
    System.out.println("Thread Name:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
  }
}

通过实现Runnable接口实现

public class ThreadTest {

  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

    MyRunnableThread myRunnable = new MyRunnableThread();
    Thread myRunnableThread = new Thread(myRunnable);
    myRunnableThread.setName("MyThread-implements-Runnable-test");
    myRunnableThread.start();
  }
}

class MyRunnableThread implements Runnable {

  @Override
  public void run() {
    System.out.println("Thread Name:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
  }
}

通过实现Callable接口实现

public class ThreadTest {

  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

    Callable<String> myCallable = new MyCallableThread();
    FutureTask<String> futureTask = new FutureTask<>(myCallable);
    Thread myCallableThread = new Thread(futureTask);
    myCallableThread.setName("MyThread-implements-Callable-test");
    myCallableThread.start();
    System.out.println("Run by Thread:" + futureTask.get());

    //通过线程池执行
    ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
    executorService.submit(futureTask);
    executorService.shutdown();
    System.out.println("Run by ExecutorService:" + futureTask.get());
  }
}

class MyCallableThread implements Callable<String> {

  @Override
  public String call() throws Exception {
    return Thread.currentThread().getName();
  }
}

当然由于线程的创建和销毁需要消耗资源,Java中还通过了许多线程池相关的API,上述示例中ExecutorService就是线程池API中的一个,关于线程池的详细内容将会在下一篇继续,欢迎大家关注。

Java中实现线程的方式-LMLPHP

07-12 02:44